Com 200 Quiz 1

how digital media transform time and space

bypass physical copresence

present absence

participation in interpersonal communication without being in the same physical space. Ex: facetime

absent presence

physical present but cognitively/emotionally absent

context collapse

feature of digital media where divers audiences merge in a single space → misunderstanding ensues

micro-sociality

ultra minimal communicative acts, such as liking a post

interpersonal surveillance

the ways people watch one another

programmed sociality

Eugenia Kuyda

keeps her dead friend “alive” through a chatbot

Her (film)

guy has a romantic relationship with a chatbot less interpersonal friction cause of ai

five meanings of communication

1) Communication as dialogue and interaction. 2) Communication as sharing of information. 3) Communication as media technologies. 4) Communication as an economic sector. 5) Communication as a description of social life

Thamus

This king is visited by an inventor who presents him with a new invention, the art of writing. Thamus expresses concerns about its impact on memory and wisdom.

two developments key to explaining how communication became a field of study

1) Extraordinary growth of jobs in journalism, public relations, marketing, advertising, and more. 2) Growing numbers of scholars take up questions of human interaction, media, and persuasion

Edelman

public relations firm

Joseph Pulitzer

A newspaper editor known for establishing the Pulitzer Prizes gave money to Columbia to help teach better journalism

the contemporary relevance of communication history

The field straddles practical skills and theory-driven understanding, and communication as a field is intellectually diverse

soft skills

capacity to engage in teamwork, to be adaptable, creativity

epistemic pluralism

different ways of producing knowledge. Different methods, different assumptions about what counts as evidence

post-positivism

We cannot be certain about knowledge claims when studying humans

confirmation bias

tendency to favor info that confirms prior beliefs and ignore contradictory evidence

interpretivism

Typically use approaches that allow for observation of people in “natural” settings

critical/cultural

concerned with how power relations shape reality

polysemy

the coexistence of many possible meaning for a word

rhetoric

concerned with how communication coordinates with social action

essentialist versus constructivist views on identity

identity is innate, fixed, and internal vs. identity is fluid, dynamic and relational

George Herbert Mead

constructiivst byt believes people do have unique individual traits

the “me” and the “I”

me is the socialized aspect of the self vs. I is the spontaneous creative aspect of identity

generalized other

attitudes of a broader group or community

Mead’s ‘stages’ of self-development

infancy: indifferent to others, no perspective-taking. Preparatory: imitation without understanding. Play: taking the role of specific others. Game: understanding multiple perspectives

 digital forensic gaze

A constant comparison on social media

filters as identity tools

Not just decorations. Ways of constructing identity.

how social factors shape self-formation

Defines appropriate behaviors, recasts actions, reduces complex people to group stereotypes

stereotypes

overgeneralized beliefs about a particular group of people

W.E.B. Du Bois

studied how stereotypes affect peoples identity

how the self responds to stereotypes

internalization (going along with it), resistance (asserting alternative self definitions), negotiation (moving between the 2)

self-fulfilling prophecies

a false definition evokes a behavior that makes the original false conception true

code-switching

changing speech in different situations to your advantage

double consciousness

awareness of how dominant groups see you as well as how you see yourself

connecting McMillan Cottom to ideas of self, communication and social difference

grappling with whether to internalize, resist, or negotiate/ race, gender, class communicate things about her that lead people to make assumptions about her

synthesis of core points re: communicative construction of the self

1) The self is built over time through interaction with others. 2) How people respond to you varies. 3) Communication is a site of struggle (always evolving)

interpersonal communication

examines interactions in which two or more people are present (small convos)

Erving Goffman

saw interpersonal comm as the basis for social order

face

the positive social value a person claims for themselves

in-face

projected image is consistent with ones performance

out-of-face

Events contradict your projected identity

wrong face

presentation of identity that doesn’t fit the situation

face work

The actions taken by a person to make whatever they are doing consistent with face

the avoidance process

four step ritual sequence

1) Recognition that face has been threatened 2) the attempt to restore face (excuse) 3) the offering is accepted 4) gratitude for acceptance

why face work matters, questions and tensions in Goffman

1) social integration 2) status, power and dynamics 3) cultural values