reproduction and preventative women's health - hormones, cycles, HRT/ERT, menopause

puberty starts when which part of the brain releases GnRh

hypothalamus

the anterior pituitary secretes which two hormones

FSH and LH

the gonads start making ____________ in males or ___________ in females

testosterone;estrogen

male and female reproductuve systems are similar for the first ___ weeks

6

reproductive organs become functional at

puberty

primary sex characteristics are characteristics that are

present at birth

sperm, ova, ovaries, are all ________ sex characteristics

primary

secondary sex characteristics are characteristics that develop

after puberty

deeper voices, breasts, facial hair are _________ characteristics

secondary

puberty in males occurs around what age

13.5

puberty in females occurs from what ages roughly

8-13

define menarche

first menstrual period

how long after breast development will menarche occur

2-2.5 years

fluid filled mass on ovary that makes your uterus a a healthy place for fetus to grow (turns into placenta) is called

corpus luteum

name the hormone: stimulates the growth of eggs in ovaries, helps start menstrual cycle; secreted anterior pituitary

FSH

name that hormone: causes ovulation, releases egg from ovary; secreted by anterior pituitary

LH

thickens lining of uterus to prep for possible pregnancy, develops breast + helps with fat distribution, regulates menstrual cycle; secreted from ovaries

estrogen

starts after ovulation, keeps the uterine lining thick for possible fertilized egg implantation; secreted from ovaries

progesterone

the menstrual phase is days

1-5

what occurs during the menstrual phase

shedding of endometrium = uterine bleeding

during the menstrual phase estrogen is ____ and progesterone is ____

low;low

the menstrual cycle is for the cycle of a woman’s

hormones

the endometrial cycle is the cycle of the

uterine lining

the follicular phase (hormones) is also called the

proliferative phase (endometrium)

the follicular/proliferative phase is during days

6-13

during the follicular/proliferative phase what hormone is being secreted by the anterior pituitary

FSH

which hormone converts the follicle to a corpus luteum; what does the corpus luteum secrete

LH; estrogen

during the follicular/proliferative phase estrogen begins to ___________

increase

why does estrogen increase during the follicular/proliferative phase

to prep endometrium for egg

when does ovulation/ovulatory phase occur

day 14

during the ovulation/ovulatory phase there is a marked rise of what two hormones

FSH and LH

during the ovulation/ovulatory phase what is happening with estrogen and progesterone

estrogen decreases slightly; progesterone increases

what happens to the egg during ovulation/ovulatory phase

it is released > transported to uterus

what days does the luteal phase/secretory phase occur

15-28

the corpus luteum reaches the peak of functional activity ___ days after ovulation, secreting estrogen and progesterone

8

(after ovulation > now in luteal phase) if no fertilized egg is implanted the corpus lutem ____________, which causes estrogen and progesterone to ______________ and the endometrium is shed via menstruation

regress; decrease

during the luteal phase when __________ drops, this triggers the _____________ phase (endometrium)

progesterone; ischemic

the ischemic phase is when

blood supply to endometrium blocked > day 1 of cycle starts

name the test: couple has intercourse and then go to clinic several hours later to see how sperm are doing after relations (not common)

postcoital test

when the BBT drops and then rises this is indicative of

ovulation

the BBT drops and then rises ___ day(s) before ovulation and remains elevated for __-__ days

1;10-12

if the cervical mucus is abundant, watery thin, clear, stretchy (>5cm) this is called

spinnbarkeit mucus

spinnbarkeit mucus is indicative of

ovulation

when the cervical Os dilates slightly, softens, and rises in vagina this is indicative of

ovulation

mittelschmerz is indicative of

ovulation

saliva ferning + increased libido are indicative of

ovulation

while educating a patient on the reproductive cycle, the nurse should plan to include that ovulation occurs when

during menopause the production of estrogen and progesterone

declines

the average age of menopause is

51

irregular periods occuring before menstrual period decrease is called

premenopause

• labia become thin and pale

• atrophic vaginitis

• breasts become smaller

• loss of interest in sex

• loss of urethral tone > frequent infections

• irregular heartbeats

these are all the physical S/S of

menopause

atrophic vaginitis is when

vaginal tissues loses lubrication

during menopause the low density liproproteins ___________ and the high density lipoproteins ____________ which puts women at increased risk for heart disease

increase;decrease

during menopause FSH and LH ___________

increase

the increase in what two hormones causes hot flashes, night sweats, hair loss, decreased skin elasticity and bone density

LH and FSH

• personal development = priority

• come to terms with aging

• grieve possibility of having children has ended

• climatic symptoms > mood swings, irritability, agitation, insomnia, fatigue

these are all the psychological changes of

menopause

hormone replacement therapy (HRT) utilizes what hormone(s)

estrogen and progesterone

what HAS to be present in order to undergo HRT

the uterus

with HRT there is a decreased risk of

endometrial CA

_____________ keeps the endometrium from becoming too thick > risk of endometrial CA; ________ therapy only > increases risk of CA if uterus present

progesterone;estrogen

with estrogen replacement therapt (ERT) what must NOT be present

uterus

with ERT there is an increased risk of what three things

breast cancer, cardiac disease, thrombosis

if someone is starting _____ we want to make sure we get a thororugh H&P and screen risks for

• breast, ovarian, endometrial CA

• DM

• gall bladder disease

• clotting disorders

• CVD

• stroke

• liver disease

• AUB

as these are all increased risk with the therapy

ERT

_____ is a good indicator of CA if after menopause

AUB

for alternative therapies for menopause what are 4 herbal supplements and vitamins that the nurse might mention

wild yam, black cohosh, pollen extract, vitamin E