Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs Lecture Review

Comprehensive practice questions covering the health effects of alcohol and tobacco, body system impacts, drug classification, and vaping mechanics based on lecture notes.

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

A lifelong, preventable condition caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

What are the long-term cardiovascular effects of tobacco use?

Cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart attack, and aneurysm.

Which chronic respiratory diseases are linked to long-term tobacco use?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema.

What are the short-term effects of tobacco use on the body?

Increased heart rate, rising blood pressure, nicotine addiction, reduced lung function, and tooth staining.

Smoking is responsible for what percentage of lung cancer deaths?

$$87\%$$

How many types of cancer are caused by smoking according to the transcript?

At least 16 types, including lung, mouth, throat, bladder, kidney, and cervix.

What are the long-term effects of alcohol use?

Addiction (alcoholism), cirrhosis of the liver, cardiovascular disease (high blood pressure), and increased cancer risk.

What are the short-term effects of alcohol use?

Impaired judgment, slurred speech, loss of coordination, nausea, and vomiting.

Which specific cancers are associated with alcohol use?

Cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, colon, and breast.

How does chronic substance use affect the Nervous System?

It causes brain shrinkage, dementia, and peripheral neuropathy (numbness in limbs).

How is the Immune System impacted by substance abuse?

It weakens the body’s resistance, increasing the risk of pneumonia.

What are the effects of substance abuse on the Digestive System?

It causes gastritis, diarrhea, and cirrhosis.

What is the difference between Dependency and Addiction?

Dependency is a physical dependence on a drug for everyday tasks, while Addiction is a psychological connection of dependency.

How is Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) defined?

The percentage of alcohol in a person's bloodstream, measured in grams per $100\,mL$.

What are the forms of smokeless tobacco?

Tobacco that can be chewed, dipped, or snorted.

What distinguishes Over the Counter (OTC) medications from prescriptions?

OTC drugs (like Tylenol, melatonin, or ibuprofen) can be bought without being prescribed; Prescription drugs are provided by a medical professional with set rules and dosages.

What is the difference between poisoning and an overdose?

Poisoning occurs when a substance causes injury or death through chemical effects; an overdose occurs when a person takes more than the recommended or safe amount.

How do stimulants affect the central nervous system and heart rate?

They activate the CNS, increase energy, and increase heart rate.

How do depressants affect the body?

They quiet the CNS, slow brain activity, and reduce blood pressure.

What are gateway drugs?

Habit-forming substances believed to increase the probability of a user progressing to more potent or "harder" illicit drugs.

What are the steps in the vaporization process of a vape?

1. Activation (inhaling or pressing a button), 2. Power Transfer (battery to coil), 3. Heating (coil heats up), 4. Wicking (wick transports liquid), 5. Vaporization (liquid turns to aerosol), 6. Inhalation (into lungs), 7. Exhalation (thick cloud).

What is the definition of Opioids?

A class of drugs that include strong, legal prescription pain relievers, as well as illegal drugs like heroin.

What variables determine how alcohol affects an individual?

Age, Sex, Weight, Height, and Genetics.