45 prac

Question 1:The endocrine system relies on __________ that __________ all of the cells of the body.

hormones ... reach

A cell releases a cytokine, which binds to, and acts on, a neighboring cell. This represents an example of ________

paracrine signaling

Which example below is a true statement about the differences between hormones and neurotransmitters?

Neurotransmitters are secreted chemicals that diffuse a short distance, whereas hormones travel through the bloodstream to the target cell.

Which is an accurate statement regarding the difference between steroid and nonsteroid hormones? (

Steroid hormones are lipids; nonsteroid hormones are made from one or more amino acids.

Question 5:Because most chemical signals are UNABLE to pass through the plasma membrane, the cellular action they initiate results from _______

the activation of a signal transduction pathway

What is the role of a second messenger in hormone action?

It relays a hormone's message inside a target cell.

What result would you expect following the binding of epinephrine to an α-type epinephrine receptor?

Blood flow to the intestines decreases.

Which of the following hormones is thought to act at the cellular level by inducing a change in gene expression?

estrogen

Which example below is a role of the local regulator nitric oxide (NO)?

When oxygen levels fall, nitric oxide activates an enzyme that relaxes smooth muscle. This dilates blood vessels and improves blood flow.

Ibuprofen is known for its pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties because it INHIBITS the synthesis of __

prostaglandins

Which of the following conditions in a silkworm moth would result in metamorphosis from pupa to adult?

low concentration of juvenile hormone and high concentration of ecdysteroid

In insects, ecdysteroid is released _______

In response to prothoracicotropic hormone

Which of the following hormones have ANTAGONISTIC effects?

insulin and glucagon

if two hormones has an antagonistic effect what his mean + EXAMPPY FAMM

both have opposite effects INSULIN AND GLUCAGON

The major tropic action of growth hormone is to signal the __________ to release __________.

liver ... insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)

How is the level of thyroxine in the blood regulated

High levels of T₃ and T₄ inhibit the secretion of TRH and TSH.

Hyperthyroidism, typically characterized by a high metabolic rate and high blood pressure, might be expected when _______

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration is high

A goiter may form because ______

low blood levels of T₃ and T₄ inhibit the negative feedback loop, and an overload of TSH causes enlargement of the gland

Which of the following endocrine organs only stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

posterior pituitary

As a young girl, Maria suffered a head injury that damaged her pituitary. An injury to the pituitary is particularly serious because of all the functions controlled by this gland. As Maria got older, she and her doctors found that all of the following EXCEPT her __________ were affected.

blood sugar level

A doctor might give an expectant mother __________ to stimulate uterine contractions and induce labor.

oxytocin

The regulation of water volume in the blood involves which hormone?

adh

How does the hypothalamus control the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary

The hypothalamus produces a releasing hormone that stimulates the pituitary to secrete GH.

Which of the following is a neurohormone secreted by the posterior pituitary?

oxytocin

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) are tropic hormones that are also known as ________

gonadotropins

Which of the following hormones specifically act(s) to trigger secretion of hormones by another endocrine gland?

acth

Which is a correct statement about prolactin

It controls fat metabolism and reproduction in birds.

The mammary glands of a pregnant female will begin to produce milk in response to changes in the level of which of the following hormones?

prolactin

Which is a correct statement about the thyroid gland?

Thyroid hormones trigger the change of an aquatic tadpole into a terrestrial bullfrog.

How does parathyroid hormone affect levels of Ca²⁺ in the blood?

When Ca²⁺ levels fall, PTH stimulates bone cells to decompose the matrix of bone and stimulates reabsorption of Ca²⁺ in the renal tubules.

Which statement below about the catecholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla is correct?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are catecholamines.

Which of the following statements about the adrenal medulla is correct?

The gland is stimulated by nerve signals carried from the brain.

Which of the following endocrine glands releases steroid hormones? (

adrenal cortex

Which of the following is a problem with the long-term use of glucocorticoids, such as cortisone, to treat inflammation?

suppression of the immune system

Anabolic steroids, sometimes taken illegally by athletes and bodybuilders, are chemically related to natural __________ produced in the __________.

androgens ... gonads

In the winter, the __________ of vertebrates is apt to produce __________ than in summer months.

pineal gland ... more melatonin