Rad Bio Exam 3

Which agency is responsible for regulations regarding an employee's "right to know" with regard to hazards that may be present in the workplace?

OSHA

When the laser is shined onto the material inside an OSL dosimeter to give a read out, the material will give off light. How does this light correlate to radiation exposure?

The amount of light given off is proportional to the amount of radiation received.

Most states in the United States that have entered into agreements with the NRC also assume which of the following responsibilities?

Enforcing radiation protection regulations through their respective health departments

Which of the following devices contains an aluminum oxide detector?

Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter

What does the letter "M" indicate when it appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of an equivalent dose record?

The monitoring badge was not worn during the monitoring period.

What is the primary function of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in relation to radiation?

To conduct an ongoing product radiation control program, regulating the design and manufacture of electronic products, including x-ray equipment

Which of the following are functions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)?

Overs ees the nuclear energy industry and enforces radiation protection standards

Which of the following must a radiation safety officer in a health care facility have sufficient authority, organizational freedom, and management prerogative to do?

All the above

For individual members of the general public not occupationally exposed, the NCRP recommended an annual EDL of _________ for continuous (or frequent) exposures from artificial sources of ionizing radiation.

1 mSv

During routine radiographic procedures when a protective apron is NOT being worn, the primary personnel dosimeter should be attached to the clothing on the front of the body at:

Collar level to approximate the location of maximum radiation dose to the thyroid, head and neck

The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) evaluates human and environmental ionizing radiation exposures from a variety of sources, including 1. radioactive materials. 2. radiation-producing machines. 3. radiation accidents.

1, 2 and 3

Three different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter. Of what are these filters made?

Aluminum, tin, and copper

What is the primary purpose of the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981?

To ensure standard medical and dental radiologic procedures adhere to rigorous safety precautions and standards

Which of the following chemical compounds functions as the sensing material in a thermoluminescent dosimeter?

Lithium fluoride

How is the readout for a personnel direct ion storage dosimeter obtained?

Through a physical connecting device such as a universal serial bus (USB) or via wireless connection

What is the annual effective dose (EfD) limit for an occupational worker?

50 mSv

Which of the following are key responsibilities of a Radiation Safety Officer (RSO)?

Oversee the program's daily operation and provide a formal review of the program each year

Occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training is permitted, provided that special care is taken to ensure that the annual effective dose limit of ____________ is not exceeded for persons under the age of 18 years.

1 mSv annually

Personnel monitoring is required whenever radiation workers are likely to risk receiving 10% or more of the annual occupational EfD limit of ________________ in any single year as a consequence of their work-related activities.

50 mSv (5 rem)

Who is responsible for providing the resources necessary to create and maintain a radiation safety program?

Individuals in executive positions at the facility

What term describes the theory that long-term, low-level radiation exposure may produce beneficial effects for groups of people?

Radiation hormesis

The NCRP recommends that radiation exposure be kept at which of the following levels?

As low as reasonably achievable

OSL dosimeters are highly sensitive to radiation exposure and can give an accurate reading as low as 1 mrem or _____.

10 µSv

In a health care facility, a radiographer's deep, eye, and shallow occupational exposures, as measured by an exposure monitor (such as an OSL dosimeter), may be found on which of the following?

personnel monitoring report

Cataract formation and fibrosis are classified as __________ of ionizing radiation.

late tissue reactions

What is the most common unit of measure of equivalent dose?

Millisievert

What is the primary function of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in relation to radiation?

To facilitate the development and enforcement of regulations controlling radiation in the environment

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) provides recommendations for which of the following?

Occupational dose limits and public dose limits

The current radiation safety philosophy assumes which type of relationship between radiation dose and biologic response?

Linear, nonthreshold relationship

Which of the following radiation monitors is currently the most commonly used dosimeter for monitoring the whole body occupational exposure in diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy?

OSL

The principle that "each patient should get the right imaging examination, at the right time, with the right radiation dose" is supported and clearly stated by which organization?

FDA

Which of the following terms has an increase in the probability of occurrence as the dose increases, but the severity does not?

Stochastic effects

What is the purpose of the effective dose limiting system?

To control the risk of biologic damage to radiation workers and the general public

To provide a low-exposure cut-off level so that regulatory agencies may consider a level of effective dose as being of negligible risk, an annual negligible individual dose (NID) of ________________ per source or practice has been set.

0.01 mSv/year

During diagnostic imaging procedures, how may the radiation dose to the abdomen of a pregnant radiographer be monitored during gestation?

It may be obtained from a second radiation monitor worn at the abdominal level

What was the primary purpose of the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968?

To protect the public from hazards of unnecessary radiation exposure from electronic products and diagnostic x-ray equipment

Occupational exposure limits set by a medical facility well below state or federal regulatory values, intended to trigger an investigation when exceeded, are known as which of the following?

Action limits

Which of the following is the upper boundary dose of ionizing radiation that results in a negligible risk of body injury or hereditary damage?

Effective dose limit (EDL)

Which radiation safety principle follows an extremely conservative approach to the relationship between ionizing radiation exposure and potential risk?

ALARA

Which of the following are classified as late tissue reactions (deterministic effects) caused by high-level radiation exposure that occur months or more after that exposure? 1. Cataract formation 2. Organ atrophy 3. Radiation-induced malignancy

1 and 2 only

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a thermoluminescent dosimeter?

The readout process destroys the information in the dosimeter and cannot serve as a permanent legal record

The NCRP recommends that the monthly equivalent dose (EqD) to the embryo-fetus should not exceed:

0.5 mSv per month

The cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit does not include: 1. exposure acquired as a consequence of a radiation worker's undergoing medical imaging procedures. 2. radiation exposure from natural background radiation. 3. radiation exposure received while radiographers perform imaging procedures on patients.

1 and 2 only

Which type of radiation effect is characterized by a threshold dose below which no response normally occurs, and above which the severity of biologic damage increases as the dose increases?

Deterministic effect

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old.

460 mSv

The annual effective dose (EfD) limits are primarily designed to limit which type of radiation effects?

Stochastic effects

The OSL dosimeter uses which of the following?

an aluminum oxide thin layer detector

What is the annual equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye of an occupational worker?

150 mSv

Why is a tissue weighting factor (WT) used in radiation protection?

To compensate for differences in radiation sensitivity among various tissues and organs

Which of the following requirements should radiation survey instruments fulfill? 1. Instruments must be reliable so that radiation exposure or exposure rate in a given area can be accurately assessed. 2. Instruments must be durable enough to withstand normal use. 3. Instruments should interact with ionizing radiation similar to the way in which human tissue reacts.

1, 2 and 3