Human Growth & Development Final Exam

Final exam study guide flashcards

Folic Acid supplementation in women of child-bearing age before and during pregnancy can decrease the risk of:

Spina Bifida

In research, studying behavioral changes in one or more participants over time/as they age is cross-sectional research.

False

Genetic Counselors help people determine how they can manipulate their genes to improve chances of having certain traits (blond hair, green eyes, etc).

False

The part of the brain thought to be affected in people with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) is the:

Amygdala

The universal change in eyesight during middle adulthood that results in some loss of near vision is called:

Presbyopia

The field of study that examines the patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan is called:

Lifespan Development

A point in development when individuals are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments however absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences is called _ _ _ _ _ _ period.

Sensitive

The sex (male/female) of a child is dependent on a gene passed by:

Father

Phenylketonuria is a genetically-passed disease that causes brain damage/intellectual disabilities if they get the gene from both parents.

True

The disorder in which a child inherits an extra x chromosome (XXY instead of XY) is called:

Klinefelter Syndrome

Most children display handedness (a clear tendency to use one hand over the other) by age two.

False

A “social construction” is a shared notion of reality that is widely accepted and is not influenced by society/culture at a given time.

False

The theory of personality and behavior development that focuses on unconscious forces including the interaction of the id, ego, and superego developed by:

Sigmund Freud

Specialists in Lifespan Development are interested in studying which of the following:

Physical, personality, and cognitive development (all of these)

The stage of psychosocial development which explores the importance of having a sense of contribution of having a sense of contribution to the continuity of life vs trivialization of one’s activities is:

Generativity vs Stagnation

The perspective or theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors that is the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ theory.

Evolutionary

One human cell contains thousands of genes to make 46 chromosomes (23 chromosome pairs).

True

An observable trait which is actually seen is the:

Phenotype

Methods for prenatal testing of an unborn child to determine if they have any abnormalities (physical or genetic) include all of the following except:

Computerized Tomography

The natural physical decline brought about by increasing age is called:

Senescence

Which of the following is false about short term memory?

Lasts only an instant

Examples of addictive drugs that can produce biological or psychological dependence and increasingly powerful cravings include all of the following except:

Tylenol

The study of the relationship between the brain, the immune system, and psychological factors is called:

Psychoneuroimmunology

Formal strategies for organizing material in a way that makes in more likely to be remembered are called:

Mnemonics

An example of a Gross Motor Skill includes:

Jumping

The universal change in eyesight during middle adulthood that results in some loss of near vision is called:

Presbyopia

A person’s answer to the question “Can I handle it?” regarding determining of they are able to handle stress is the PRIMARY appraisal.

False

The eating disorder where individuals refuse to eat however deny their behavior/appearance is abnormal is bulimia.

False

Factors that increase risk of SIDS include all of the following except:

Normal Birth Weight

Different parts of the brain are activated when reading out loud vs reading silently.

True

Vaping is a safe, non-harmful alternative to smoking.

False

Marasmus and Kwashiorkor are examples of consequences of:

Malnutrition

According to Piaget, children start displaying goal directed behaviors at what age?

8-12 months

Characteristics associated with a high likelihood of producing stress include all of the following except:

Situations that are easily controlled/predictable

There is a vaccine to prevent certain cancers caused by which common STI?

HPV

Working Memory is another term for long term memory.

False

Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development focuses on the importance of passive learning.

False

Strategies of coping with stress (controlling, reducing, and learning to tolerate) include which of the following:

Defensive, problem-focused, emotion-focused coping (all of these)

According to Piaget, when preschoolers start asking “why” questions theya re using what kind of thought?

Intuitive

If I show a baby a rattle and then hid it behind my back and he starts to look for it, what skill has he developed?

Object permanence

The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges is:

Intelligence

Stranger anxiety in an 8mo old is likely related to an overprotective or abusive parent.

False

Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence includes all of these aspects of information processing except:

Tradionional

Anxiety and depression in adolescents is usually related to some biological abnormality or exposure to abuse/trauma.

False

Which of the following is NOT considered on of the Big Five Personality Traits?

All of these are considered one of the five big personality traits

If a study or test actually measures what it is supposed to measure, it has reliability.

False

The process of information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory refers to:

Fluid intelligence

Linguistic production occurs BEFORE linguistic comprehension.

False

The basic sounds of language are:

Phonemes

Combining words and phrases to form sentences is syntax.

True

Konrad Lorenz’s attachment research suggested that there is a critical period to establish attachment imprinting where newborns imprint their attachment to the first things that feeds them.

False

Distress shown by infants when a typical or customary care provider leaves them is called:

Separation Anxiety

Which of the following is true about Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development?

Suggests some elderly may feel despair at missed opportunies in life

Researchers suggest that a child’s personality development is in part dependent on its temperament as a baby.

True

Warning signs for adolescent suicide risk include all of the following except:

All of these are warning signs (loss of appetite, school difficulties, excessive eating)

Sarah is concerned because her 24mo old child can only identify four colors. Should she be concerned?

No, her baby is doing fine

Making speech-like but meaningless sounds is:

Babbling

Theories of creativity suggest that the more people know about a subject, the less creative they tend to be.

True

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Down Syndrome are examples of familial intellectual disability.

False

A typical two-year old’s speech features which milestone?

Two-word combinations

Low self esteem typically contributes to higher performance expectations and effort.

False

The culturally-determines way to provide a sense of missing/achieving major benchmarks or milestones of life at the appropriate times compared to our peers is called the:

Social clock

Social comparison in adolescence is most heavily influenced by parents.

False

Changes is people’s sense of justice and what is right and wrong is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ development.

Moral

An emotional response corresponding to the feelings of another person is called empathy.

True

There are telltale signs that a child may be experiencing abuse/neglect.

True

According to Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, aggressive and violent behavior can be leaned from all of these EXCEPT:

All of these can teach aggression (watching violent TV, playing violent video games, living in an abusive home)

The idea that kids develop ideas or a cognitive framework that helps them organize information relevant to gender is called:

Gender schema

The idea that people work for their own enjoyment rather than tangible rewards is considered intrinsic motivation.

True

Societal expectations of masculinity and femininity refers to:

Gender

Conflict in marriage is unusual and typically indicated the marriage will fail.

False

According to John Holland, teachers and counselors tend to have what personality type?

Social

A person’s sense of what makes them different from others or the set of beliefs about what they are like as an individual is called their:

Self concept

Which of the following characteristics can impact self-esteem in adolescence and early adulthood?

All of these (gender identity, race, socioeconomic status)

According to psychologist James Marcia, some adolescents move through the challenges of these years by going through what is called the MAMA cycle.

True

According to Erik Erikson, the challenge of adolescence is in what he called initiative vs guilt.

False

Boys are more likely to demonstrate relational aggression.

False

The ability to control emotions experienced is called:

Emotional self regulation

Abstinence-Only Sex Education and Virginity Pledges have been primary contributors to the deceased teen pregnancy rates.

False

Knowledge of oneself is called:

Self awareness

Adolescents can judge their abilities/social success by comparing themselves to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ groups such as “football players”, “skaters”, or “musicians”.

Reference

Young adults who have to fulfill the needs of their againg parents as well as their own children are referred to as:

Sandwich generation

When groups of one culture make changes/adjustments in their attitudes/behaviors because they are in sustained firshand contact with groups of another culture, these changes are called:

Acculturation

Completing a “Living Will” means someones is expecting to die and wants to decline all efforts to resuscitate.

False

The Social Learning View suggest adolescents use group membership as a source of pride or self-worth.

False

Play in which two or more children interact by sharing/borrowing toys or materials although they do not do/play the same thing is called:

Associative play

Thanatologist study:

Death and dying

Negative or positive evaluations or judgements of members of a group based mainly on the members being a part of that group are called:

Prejudice

Factors that affect popularity in adolescence include all of the following except:

All of the these affect popularity (intelligence, social skills, race)

Play that involves simple, repetitive activities (skipping, jumping, pushing cars on the floor) is called constructive play.

False

Cliques tend to include groups of 2-12 people who have frequent social interactions with one another while crowds tend to be larger and looser groups who may not regularly interact with each other.

True

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s theory of death and dying suggested there are five steps as people move toward death. These include all of the following except:

Adherence

Ways to promote school success in children include:

All of these (talk to the child, encourage a child’s problem solving, give the child a space to work)

Adolescents with negative qualities such as laying are unlikely to be popular.

False

Children of divorced couples tend to show significant initial as well as lingering/long-term difficulties with adjusting or relationships with their parents.

True

Cliques tend to include groups of 2-12 people who have frequent social interactions with one another while crowds tend to be larger and looser groups who may not regularly interact with each other.

True

Differences in behavior, values, attitudes, lifestyle choices, and experiences between individuals who are at different periods of their lives is called:

Generation Gap

Some of the changes seen in US families over the past 50yrs includes:

All of these changes are seen (more single-parent families, fewer children living in low-income households, smaller average household size)

The term “blended families” refers to those families with parents of different race.

False