Introduction to Bacterial Genetics

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on bacterial genetics concepts and processes discussed in the lecture.

Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

Plasmids

Extrachromosomal DNA that can replicate independently of the bacterial genome and often carry genes that enhance survival.

Transformation

A process in which bacteria take up external DNA from their environment and incorporate it into their own genome.

Conjugation

A method of gene transfer between bacteria that requires direct contact, often facilitated by pilus formation.

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that can affect the organism's ability to synthesize essential compounds.

Auxotrophs

Bacterial strains that cannot survive without additional nutrients due to mutations in biosynthetic pathways.

High fidelity recombination

The integration of plasmid DNA into the bacterial genome with minimal changes to the original DNA sequence.

Nutrient medium

A growth medium providing essential nutrients for bacterial cultures.

Competent cell

Bacterial cells that are capable of taking up foreign DNA through transformation.

Cotransformation

The simultaneous transformation of two or more genes in a bacterial cell during the uptake of DNA.

Rolling circle mechanism

A method of DNA replication where a circular DNA strand is continuously unwound and replicated.

nick

A break in one strand of DNA that allows for the transfer of that strand during conjugation.

F factor

A plasmid that carries genes necessary for the transfer of DNA during bacterial conjugation.

Genome

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Efficient gene mapping

Determining the order of genes on a chromosome based on their cotransformation frequency.

E. Coli

A common bacterium used in molecular biology as a model organism for genetic studies.

F pili

Hair-like structures that aid in the attachment and transfer of genetic material during bacterial conjugation.