Med Surg Final (Quiz 2 - diabetes, endocrine)

What are the 3 Ps in diabetes?

Polyuria - peeing a lot

Polydipsia - really thirsty

Polyphagia - really hungry

what are macrovascular complications of diabetes

MI

Stroke

PAD

what are microvascualr complications of diabetes

retinopathy (blindness)

nephropathy (kidney disease)

neuropathy (peripheral and autonomic nerve damage)

what type of insulin is lispro? when is the onset, peak, duration?

RAPID ACTING (15, 1, 5)

what type of insulin is regular? when is the onset, peak, duration?

SHORT ACTING (30-60, 2-3, 4-6)

What time of insulin is NPH

Intermediate acting (1, 4-12, up to 24)

food should be taken around onset AND peak

What time of insulin has no peak and 24 hour duration

Glargine (long-acting insulin)

What are the s/sx of DI

high and dry

• increased urination

• hypernatremia

QUIZ Q: The nurse is providing teaching to a child with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Which statement(s) made by the child demonstrates understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes? Select all that apply.

“I do not make enough insulin on my own.”

“I can tell my glucose is getting high if I feel extra tired.”

“Insulin injections will help regulate my glucose levels”

Quiz Q: A child with Addison disease has been admitted with a 3 day history of nausea and vomiting. The provider has ordered IV glucocorticoids. Which nursing intervention should the nurse expect to be included in the admission orders as a priority?

Montior sodium and potassium levels

In DI what hormone is the pt missing / not secretting enough of

ADH (antidiuretic hormon)

QUIZ Q: An older adult patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is brought to the emergency department with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which nursing action(s) would be anticipated in the first 24 hours? Select all that apply.

Reversing hyperglycemic state by administering insulin

Rehydrate aggressively to correct profound dehydration

Correct electrolyte disturbances

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia crisis findings

low cortisol, High ACTH

Addison's crisis findings

Low sodium, low glucose, high potassium

QUIZ Q: A nurse is assessing a patient after a thyroidectomy. The assessment reveals muscle twitching and tingling, along with numbness in the fingers, toes, and mouth area. The nurse should suspect which serious complication?

Tetany

A 6-year-old child is brought to the clinic for evaluation of short stature, fatigue, and recurrent episodes of morning irritability and sweating. The parent reports the child often “crashes in the morning before breakfast.” Lab results show low growth hormone, low cortisol, and low TSH levels, consistent with panhypopituitarism.

What is the priority nursing concern for this child?

Risk for hypoglycemia related to cortisol and growth hormone deficiency

What is the most likely disorder : Fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, dry skin

hypothyroidism

What is the most likely disorder : muscle cramps, positive Chvosteks sign, tingling in tingers

hypoparathyroidism

What is the most likely disorder : Heat intolerance, anxiety, weight loss, exophthalmos

hyperthyroidism

What is the most likely disorder : hypercalcemia, kidney stones, bone pain

hyperparathyroidism

What are the priority nursing concerns for a diagnosis of hyperthyrodism (2)

risk for cardiac complication (tachycardia or arrthymias)

or

thyroid strom

What are the priority nursing concerns for a diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism

risk for neuromuscular irritability or airway compromise d/t hypocalcemia (laryngospasm, seizures)

What is the main electrolyte that is affected by parathyroid disorders

CALCIUM

what is a common cause of hyperthyroidism

graves disease what

what is a common cause of hypothyroidism

hashimotos