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Introduction
Blogg says theft is about exploitation
No need harm (Schute) - Circular argument
Simester and silluvan - Criminalised to protect indv from any ‘particular loss they may suffer and safeguard the regime of property law’
AR for theft
Appropriation of property belonging to another
MR for theft
Dishonest
Intention to permanently deprive
Appropriation
What is appropriation
Pitham
Morris
Bana fide purchased not appropriation
Consent
Lawrence
Morris
Gomez
Gift
Galaso, Mazo
Hinks - ‘disharmony’ - Gardner - Lord Hutton
Property
Statute
Things in action
Kahn - Someone’s overdraft
Intangible property
Chan-Mi Yeung - Export quotas can be bough and sold
Services - no
Oxford v Moss - - Information no
Human body parts
General rule = no but yes if preservation
Kelly
Yearworth
Wild animals
No
Unless in captivity - Zoos
Or in process of being hunted/trained
Wild plants
No unless for commercial purpose - What matters is purpose at time of picking
Belonging to another
Possession/control
Rostron
Woodman
Proprietary interest
Marshall
Abandoned property
True abandoned property cannot be stolen
Phillips
Rostron
THEFT BY OWNER
Turner
Meredith
Property given for a specific purpose
Hall
Wain
Dishonesty
No definition
Statute says what is not dishonesty
Belief in legal ownership - Terry, Muhmad (no need to be reasonable, just genuine)
Belief in consent - Holden
Belief in ability to find owner no matter what
Old test - Ghosh - Too subjective
Was what D did dishonest according to ‘reasonable and honest’ people?
Did D realise he was dishonest
New test - Iver
What were the facts known to D (subjective)
Taking the facts as context, was what D did dishonest to ordinary, reasonable people? (objective)
Critique - Too much jury discretion
How can they know what is dishonest - 8.9% didn’t even pay TV license (2021/22)
Intention to permanently deprive
Borrowing is not theft, unless
Acting as owner without regard to the owners rights - Raphael, Velumyl, Mitchell
Outright taking - Lloyd, SJ
Conditional intention - Attorney General’s reference (No. 1 and 2), Easom