Consonants, Vowels, Diphthongs

Plosives (Stops):

/p/ → pat

/b/ → bat

/t/ → top

/d/ → dog

/k/ → cat

/g/ → go

Nasals:

/m/ → man

/n/ → net

/ŋ/ → sing

Fricatives:

/f/ → fun

/v/ → van

/θ/ → think (voiceless “th”)

/ð/ → this (voiced “th”)

/s/ → sit

/z/ → zoo

/ʃ/ → she (sh sound)

/ʒ/ → measure (zh sound)

/h/ → hat

Affricates:

/ʧ/ → church

/ʤ/ → judge

Approximants:

/l/ → lip (lateral approximant)

/ɹ/ → red (rhotic)

/w/ → we

/j/ → yes

Glottal Stop:

/ʔ/ → “uh-oh” (middle sound)

Front Vowels:

/i/ → beet (high front tense)

/ɪ/ → bit (high front lax)

/e/ or /eɪ/ → bait

/ɛ/ → bed

/æ/ → cat

Central Vowels:

/ə/ → sofa (schwa

Back Vowels:

/u/ → boot (high back tense)

/ʊ/ → put (high back lax)

/oʊ/ → go

/ɔ/ → law (varies by dialect)

/ɑ/ → father

Diphthongs (English)

/aɪ/ → my

/aʊ/ → now

/ɔɪ/ → boy

/eɪ/ → say

/oʊ/ → go