Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanisms and Targets in Microbiology
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42 Terms
cell wall synthesis inhibitors
penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, bacitracin, isoniazid
protein synthesis inhibitors
aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloramphernicol, lincosamines, macrolides, oxazolidinones
cell membrane inhibitors
polymyxin, azoles, polyenes
antimetabolites
sulfonamides, trimethoprim
nucleic acid synthesis
fluoroquinolones, rifamycins
streptogramins
targets 50s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
penicillin
beta lactam & affects cell wall formation and NAM subunits are inhibited
methicillin
beta lactam & affects cell wall formation and NAM subunits are inhibited
penicillin G
beta lactam & affects cell wall formation and NAM subunits are inhibited
sulfonamides
metabolic pathway leading to nucleic synthesis that kills the organisms
sulfamethoxazole
metabolic pathway leading to nucleic synthesis that kills the organisms
tetracycline
targets 30s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
bacitracin
non beta-lactam & affects cell wall formation and NAM subunits are inhibited
quinolones
inhibitor of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)
macrolides
target 50s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
azithromycin
target 50s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
erythromycin
target 50s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
polyenes
disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane of a targeted cell & attach to ergosterol
nystatin
disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane of a targeted cell & attach to ergosterol
amphotericin B
disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane of a targeted cell & attach to ergosterol
gentamicin
targets 30s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
vancomycin
non beta-lactam & affects cell wall formation and NAM subunits are inhibited
cycloserine
non beta-lactam & affects cell wall formation and NAM subunits are inhibited
fluoroquinolones
inhibitor of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)
cirprofloxacin
inhibitor of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)
azoles
prevent synthesis of ergosterol
aminoglycosides
targets 30s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
streptomycin
targets 30s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
chloramphenicol
targets 50s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
oxazolidinones
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by preventing formation of the initiation complex at the 50s ribosomal subunit
linezoilid
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by preventing formation of the initiation complex at the 50s ribosomal subunit
isoniazid
affects cell wall formation and NAM subunits are inhibited
rifamycin
inhibitor of RNA polymerase
rifampin
inhibitor of RNA polymerase
licosamides
targets 50s subunit on prokaryotic ribosome
polymyxin B
causes leakage of cellular contents & lack of sterols making antifungals targeting ergosterol ineffective against them
pyrazinamide
disrupts membrane transport in mycobacterium tuberculosis
lincosamines
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunit
clindamycin
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunit
allylamines
prevent synthesis of ergosterol
cephalosporins
beta lactam & kill bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
trimethoprim
inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, blocking folic acid and DNA synthesis