Anatomy Chapter 1

Human gross anatomy

The examination of structures of the human body that can be seen without a microscope is?

Regional, systemic and clinical anatomy

What are the approaches for studying anatomy?

Regional or topographical anatomy

The method of studying the body’s structure by focusing attention on a specific part, area or region is?

Surface anatomy

The part of the study of regional anatomy that examines deeper structures that are partially evident beneath the body’s outer covering is?

Talocrural

The medical term for knee is?

Physical examination

The clinical application of surface anatomy is?

Radiographic, sectional imaging and endoscopy

Regional study of deep structures and abnormalities is now possible by?

Endoscopic technique

The application of a flexible fiber-optic device inserted into one of the body’s orifices or through a small surgical incision to examine internal structures is?

Prosection

Carefully prepared dissections for demonstrating anatomical structures is?

You observe, palpate, move and sequentially reveal parts of the body

What is done during dissection?

Dr William Hunter, a scottish anatomist and obstetrician in 1770

Who said “Dissection alone teaches us where we may cut or inspect the living body with freedom and dispatch” and what year?

Systemic anatomy

The study of the body’s organ systems that work together to carry out complex functions is?

Integumentary system (dermatology)

The system that consists of the skin and its appendages (hairs, nails and sweat glands) is?

Skeletal system (osteology)

The system that consists of bones and cartilages that provides our basic shape and support for the body and is what the musclular system acts on to produce movement and also protect vital organs is?

Articular system (arthrology)

The system that consists of joints and their associated ligaments connecting the bony parts of the skeletal system and providing the sites at which movement occurs is?

Muscular system (myology)

The system that consists of skeletal muscles that contract to move or smooth and cardiac muscle that propels, expels or controls the flow of fluids and contained substance is?

Nervous system (neurology)

The system that consists of CNS and PNS that controls and coordinates the functions of the organ systems enabling the body’s responses to and activities within the environment is?

Circulatory system (angiology)

The system that consists of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems which function in parallel to transport the body’s fluids is?

Cardiovascular system (cardiology)

The system that consists of the heart and blood vessels that propel and conduct blood through the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells and removing their waste products is?

Lymphatic system

The network of lymphatic vessels that withdraws excess tissue fluid (lymph) from the body’s interstitial (intercellular) fluid compartment, filters it through lymph nodes and returns it to the bloodstream is?

Alimentary or digestive system (gastroenterology)

The system that consists of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus with all its associated organs and glands that function in ingestion, mastication (chewing), deglutition (swallowing), digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of their solid waste remaining after nutrients have been absorbed is?

Respiratory system (pulmonology)

The system that consists of the air passages and lungs that supply oxygen to the blood for cellular respiration and eliminate carbon dioxide from it is?

Urinary system (urology)

The system that consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra which filter blood and produce, transport, store and excrete urine is?

Genital or reproductive system (gynecology and andrology)

The system that consists of the gonads that produce oocytes and sperms, the ducts that transport them and the genitalia that enable their union is?

Endocrine system (endocrinology)

The system that consists of specialized structures that secrete hormones, isolated and clustered cells of the gut and blood vessel walls and specialized nerve endings is?

Hormones

Organic molecules that are carried by the circulatory system to distant effector cells in all parts of the body are?

Locomotor or apparatus system (orthopedics)

Passive skeletal and articular systems and active muscular system make up?

Clinical or applied anatomy

The practical application of anatomy is?

Axillary fossa

The medical term for armpit is?

Clavicle

The medical term for collarbone is?

Supine

recumbent, lying on the back, face upward is?

Prone

lying on the abdomen, face downward is?

Anatomical position

The body position as if the person were standing upright with the head, gaze (eyes) and toes directed anteriorly (forward); arm’s adjacent to the sides with the palms facing anteriorly; lower limbs close together with the feet parallel is?

Median, sagittal, frontal or coronal and transverse or axial plane

What are the anatomical planes?

Median plane

The vertical anteroposterior plane passing longitudinally through the midline of head, neck and trunk, dividing the body into right and left halves is?

Sagittal plane

The vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane is?

Frontal or coronal plane

The vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts is?

Transverse or axial plane

The horizontal planes passing through the body at right angles to the median and frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts is?

To describe sections

The main use of anatomical planes is?

Longitudinal sections

The section that runs parallel or lengthwise to the long axis of the body or any of its parts and applies to any position of the body and it is the standard for median, sagittal and frontal planes is?

Transverse or cross sections

Sections that are slices of the body or its parts that are cut at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body or any of its parts is?

Oblique sections

Sections that are slices of the body or any of its parts that are not cut along any of the anatomical positions and in which many radiographic images are seen is?

Superior (cranial)

Structure that is nearer to the topmost point of the cranium (vertex) is?

Inferior (caudal)

Structure that is situated nearer the sole of the foot is?

Posterior (dorsal)

The back surface of the body or nearer the back is?

Anterior (ventral)

The front surface of the body is?

Rostral

Nearer the anterior part of the head is?

Medial

Structure that is nearer to the median plane of the body is?

Lateral

Structure that is farther away from the median plane is?

Dorsal

Superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the body (such as tongue, nose, penis or foot) and the posterior surface of the hand (opposite the palm) and superior surface of the foot (opposite the sole) is?

Palmar

the anterior surface of the hand (palm) is

Plantar

The inferior surface of the foot (sole) is?

Inferomedial

Nearer the feet and median plane is?

Superolateral

Nearer to the head and farther from the median plane is?

Superficial, intermediate and deep

Relationship of one structure to another underlying or overlying structure is?

External

Outside of or farther from the center of the organ or cavity is?

Internal

inside or closer to the center independent of direction is?

Proximal and distal

contrasting positions nearer or farther from the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a linear structure is?