Understanding the Self - Lesson 1 - Lesson 3

“I think therefore I am" is a concept by?

Rene Decartes

is a mental process of being conscious. this involves our thoughts, your wish, your aspirations. Basically, anything that passes through your mind is known as this

thinking

He proposes the two thinking system. Is an Israeli American psychologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in - Economic Sciences. - his work with Amos Tversky was pioneer in the integration of insights from psychological research into economic science, especially in relation to human judgment and decision making under uncertainty. - His fields of expertise are cognitive psychology, judgment and decision- making, behavioral economics, and hedonic psychology

Daniel Kahneman

two systems proposed by Daniel Kahneman

Preparedness to perceived and when we make difficult choice

conscious mental reaction (such as anger or fear) subjectively experienced as strong feeling.

emoticon

may be broadly defined as the way in which a person uses emotional experiences to provide for adaptive functioning

Emotion Regulation

True or False Skills Necessary for Effective Emotion Regulation are as follows: Awareness of one’s emotional state, • The capacity to detect emotions in other people; • and the ability to empathize with other’s emotional state

true

an organism’s activities in response to external or internal stimuli, including objectively observable activities, introspectively observable activities (see covert behavior

Behavior

Interconnectedness among the three components of the self:

Activating events, beliefs, emoticon, and behavior

true or false, our brain is divided into two

false

true or false, the concept of system 1 and two works in tandem not as separate entities

true

tendencies to perceived events in a negative manner

cognitive bias

types of cognitive biases

selective abstraction, dichotomous thinking, over generalization, magnification, minimization, and arbitrary difference

Focuses only on certain details and ignores the other details

selective abstraction

“black-or-white thinking”. involves seeing things in extreme, all-or-nothing terms without recognizing the nuances in between.

dichotomous thinking

when a single event is seen as a never-ending pattern of defeat

over generalization

involves exaggerating the importance of negative events or mistakes, leading to an inflated sense oftheir impact.

Magnification

downplays the significance of positive events or achievements, making them seem less important than they are

Minimization

inference Drawing conclusions that have no evidence.

Arbitrary inference

American & Developmental Psychologist. Formulated the Ecological Systems Theory. His theory focuses on the quality and context of the child's environment

URIE BRONFENBRENNER

Ecological System Theory is composed of

microsystem, mesosytem, macrosystem, exosystem, chronosystem

are the things that are in the child’s immediate surroundings and connection whereas this things commonly affects the child’s behavior

microsystem

this is a type of ecology whereas the a person/student experiences the following: Bonded to caregiver, Positive discipline, Peer acceptance, Pro-social values, Supportive teachers, and Academic sources

healthy ecology

this is a type of ecology whereas the a person/student experiences the following: Insecure bond, Inconsistent discipline, Peer conflict , antisocial values, Conflict with teachers, Academic failure

microsystem

A system of microsystems, and encompasses the interaction of the child with their environment. It proposes that children don’t develop only by influence from their close familial environment–surrounding environments are influential on the development of the child as well. Connections.

mesosystem

Environment that do not directly interact with the child, but nonetheless have an important influence on the child’s development. INDIRECT ENVIRONMENT

EXOSYSTEM

is the largest and most distant collection of people and places to the children that still have significant influences on them. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL VALUES

MACROSYSTEM

This ecological system is composed of the children’s cultural patterns and values, specifically their dominant beliefs and ideas, as well as political and economical systems.

macrosystem

The chronosystem is made up of the environmental events and transitions over the life course. Changes over time.

CHRONOSYSTEM

is the means by which human infants begin to acquire the skills necessary to perform as a functioning member of their society. Additionally ,within ____ a person develops a sense of self

socialization

is the sum total of beliefs we each have about ourselves. How you think, evaluate or perceive yourself

self-concept

two types of self-concept

The Existential Self and The Categorical Self

This is 'the most basic part of the self-scheme or self-concept; the sense of being separate and distinct from others and the awareness of the constancy of the self' (Bee, 1992).

The Existential Self

According to Lewis, awareness of this self begins as young as two to three months old and arises in part due to the relation the child has with the world.

the Existential self

Having realized that he or she exists as a separate experiencing being, the child next becomes aware that he or she is also an object in the world.

The Categorical Self

true or false, Social Relationships define our self because How we think of ourselves is linked to the person we are with at the moment

true

American Sociologist, the founding member of the American Sociological Association in 1905. Best known for his concept of “looking-glass self”

Charles Horton Cooley

describes the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them. Using social interaction as a type of “mirror”, people use the judgements they receive from others to measure their own worth, values, and behavior.

looking glass self

four primary groups of the looking glass self (PSPE)

parents, siblings, play groups, elders

Using social interaction as a type of “mirror,” people use the judgments they receive from others to MEASURE THEIR

own worth, values, and behavior

the opinion of family and close people around the environment is much valuable than to those strangers, true or false

true

An American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist and his central concept is the self

george mead

stages of development of the self

Stage 1: The Preparatory Stage, Stage 2: The Play Stage, Stage 3: The Game Stage

stage of the development of the self wherein Children mimic or imitate those around them. They start to learn language. Incapable of taking in the perspective of others and occurs during birth - 2 years old

Stage 1: Preparatory Stage

stage of the development of the self wherein Children play pretend as the specific other. They do not adhere to the rules in organized games. (from about age 2 to six)

stage 2: the play stage

stage of the development of the self wherein Children begin to understand and adhere to the rules of games. They start to understand the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of generalize others. They start to be concerned about the opinions of others that is why they start to act based on the expectations of society

Stage 3: The game stage

2 phases of our self

me and I

Our response to the “Me” I is how you see yourself. Subjective

I

The social self ___ is myself and how others see me. Objective

Me

The “I” and the “Me” has a dynamic relationship that actually forms what we call the

self

states that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality.

psychodynamic perspective

3 Core Assumptions of the Psychodynamic Perspective

Assumption 1: Primacy of the Unconscious, Assumption 2: Critical Importance of Early Experiences, Assumption 3: Psychic Causality

contend that the majority of psychological processes take place outside conscious awareness. the activities of the mind (or psyche) are presumed to be largely unconscious. research confirms this basic premise of psychodynamic: Many of our mental activities— memories, motives, feelings, and the like—are largely inaccessible to consciousness

Assumption 1: Primacy of the Unconscious

posits that early childhood events play a role in shaping personality. early experiences—including those occurring during the first weeks or months of life—set in motion personality processes that affect us years, even decades, later

Assumption 2: Critical Importance of Early Experiences

- psychodynamic theory points that nothing in mental life happens by chance—that there is no such thing as a random thought, feeling, motive, or behavior. most theorists and researchers agree that thoughts, motives, emotional responses, and expressed behaviors do not arise randomly, but always stem from some combination of identifiable biological and psychological processes

Assumption 3: Psychic Causality

when we are prepared to perceived and we decides fast, will not need a lot of time to figure our what to do, dur to practice, automatic, and requires minimum attention we uses what system of thinking?

system 1

when we make difficult decisions we are slow, reflective, analytical, requires more attention, and intense focusing, we are using this system of thinking?

system 2