disease exam 6 review

fremitus

name are some causes of pulmonary emboli

surgery, trauma, obesity, mobility problems, broken femur

What is it called when a blood clot travels and dislodges?

embolus

most clots starts in the upper or lower part of the body?

lower

What is Pendelluft

opening of the thoracic wall air shifting betweeen different parts of the lung instead of moving in and out

What is exudative pleural effusion?

Fluid that leaks out of the blood vessels do to inflammation or lung injury

What is chylothorax?

Where lymphatic fluid accumulates in the pleural space

Would you utilize hyperinflation therapy to push fluid out of the alveoli?

No it has nothing to do with it

How do you take care of a pleural effusion

Thorocentesis (look for reexpansion pulmonary edem, and pneumo)

classic definition of flail chest?

three or more adjacent, double fracture ribs

fluid in the pleural space on an X-ray would show?

meniscus, and blunting of the costophrenic angles

if i habe a large enough pneumothorax could that impede venous return

yes, it decreases CO

What is the term for a hunchback

Kyphosis

What is scoliosis?

Lateral curvature of the spine

Pleural effusion has a increased or decrease fremitus?

Decrease fremitus with dull percussion

causes of flail chest?

any signs or trauma, digging ditches

if air enters the pkeural space but is not able to leave during expiration, would that be pneumothorax, hemopneumo, chylopneumo, or tension pneumo?

Tension pneumo air can come in but cant escape during expiration

could a pneumo becaused by infection, positive pressure ventilation, or spontaneous without any cause?

Yes they are all air in the fluid space where it doesnt belong

chest x ray of a pneumothorax?

increased translucency on the side of the pneumo

mediastinal shift to unaffected side of pneumo

depressed diaphragm

atelectasis

where does the mediastinal and trachea shift ina pneumothorax?

To the unaffected side

What are some pathological and structural changes for someone with khyphoscoliosis?

mediastinal shift, lung compression, mucus accumulation, atelectasis

A patient with kyphoscoliosis would have what type of breathe sounds?

crackles and wheezing

Would a patient with kyphoscoliosis have tracheal shift in the direction of the lateral curvature of the spine?

yes

does ever pneumo require a chest tube?

No some are small and you could just give supplemental O2

is pendelluft a typically flail chest complication?

Yes

A patient with pendelluft would?

rebreather dead space gas and hypoventilates

increase V/Q

Could pleural effusion either be transudate or exudates?

yes they could be both

can you use thrombolytic agents to treat pulmonary emboli and what is the suffix?

Suffix: ASE

Streptokinase

Urokinase

Alteplase

Reteplase

When do you usually do observe patients with scoliosis?

spine curvature less than 20 degrees

or young children who are growing scheduled in 3-6 month intervals

if you do a thoracentesis on a person that has a hemothorax what color do you think the fluid would appear?

red or pink

if a patient has a penetrating stab wound what would you call it?

traumatic pneumo

Iatrogenic pneumothorax

is caused by medical procedures

death of lung tissue is ?

pulmonary infarction

What does the X-ray look like for a person that has scoliosis?

curvature of the spine

tracheal shift

mediastinal shift

thoracic deformity

enlarged heart

with a large pleural effusion with the chest tube inserted you would want to stick the tube where?

4th and 5th intercostal space. midaxillary line

fluid density in the right lung area extends upward around the anterior, lateral and posterior thorax sign is called?

a meniscus sign

if i have a left upper lobe pneumothorax whichwhy would the trachea go ?

to the right (unaffected side) also the mediastinum

clues that would indicated a pneumo

Hyperresonant percussion

increase radiolucency

tracheal shift

decrease fremitus

diminished BS

in Pendelluft lung compression and atelectasis cause and increase or decrease in V/Q ration

decrease in VQ not ventilating put they are perfusing

a kid falls out a tree and breaks ribs 2-5, he's diaphoretic, JVD, SOB, tachycardia, and SpO2 85% on a non rebrether what two things could be wrong?

flail chest nd pneumothorax with internal bleeding

Would you get an ABG , xray, or change o2 on the kid

Yes get an ABG and xray. if the patient is failing on a NRB then you should move to an high flow device theyre already failing at the highest low flow device

What is the nae of the three braces that treat scoliosis?

Boston

Charleston

Milwaukee

how does pleural effusion preseent?

Pleuretic chest pain

chest pressure

dyspnea

cough

what color would chylothorax be?

Milky white

IPPA for pleural effusion

Inspection: dry cough, chest pain, cyanosis

palpation: tracheal shift, decrease fremitus

Percusssion: dull percussion

Auscultation: deminished BS, pleural friction rub, displaced heartnsounds

IPPA for kyphoscoliosis

Inspection: cyanosis, DC, Peripheral edema, venous distension, cough, and sputum production, thoracic deformity

Palpation: tracheal shift, increased fremitus

percussion: dull

auscultation: bronchial breath sounds, whispered pectoeiloquy, crackles and wheezing

What is the type of pneumothorax that would result from the rupture of bulla on the surface of the lung?

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Chest x ray of a patient with kyphoscoliosis

thoracic deformity

mediastinal shift

increase lung opacity

atelectasis

enlarged heart