Herpetology BI

what is an amnion

embrane that covers an organism in development

what is an amniote

a tetrapod that arises from an amniotic egg including reptiles, birds, and mammals

what is a carapace

the upper portion of a turtles shell

what are caudal grooves

folds along the side of an orgaisms body to aid in gas exchange

what is an ecotone

an organism that lives in a transitional habitat between two other habitats

what does extant mean

a species that is still alive

what is the glottis

in turtles, opening located at the base of the tounge that leads to the trachea

what are lissamphibia

modern amphibians, the only remaining group today

what is a monophyletic group

a taxi whose memebers share the same common ancestor

what is the naris

the opening or pair of opening in the nasal caity inside the mouth

what is a plastron

lower portion of a turtles shell

what are scutes

scales located on a turtles carapace

what is a tomia

cutting edge of a beak/bill

what are tubercles

highly sensitive small outgrowth on the bottom of the chin used to detect movment

what reptiles have bladders

turtles

what muscle groups allow for the snapping turtle to have such a powerful bite

temporalis muscles

what group do newts belong to

salamandridae

what group do mole salamanders belong to

ambystomadidae

what group does plethodontid belong to

lungless salamanders

where are the girdles located on a turtle

within the ribcage

what are the two outside bones of a frogs pelvis called

the ilia

what is the inside bone of a frogs pelvis called

the urostyle

what is the name of the movment that snakes perform

lateral undulation

what allows tadpoles to dig and break up algae

keratanized beaks

which frog tadpoles show a "non-transparent whirl"

green frogs

parchment shelled eggs ____ permeable to water and ______ to gasses

are, are

calcious shelled eggs _____ permeable to water and _____ to gases

are not, are

what is the first stage of hatching

pyping (ripping thruogh membranes in shell and shifting to air breating)

what is the second stage of hatching

hatching (breakthrough of the egg)

what is the third stage of hatching

emerging (coming up from underground)

what is the carnucle

sharp point what rips through the egg shell

low temps create more _____

males

high temps create more ____

females

what is the pivotal temperature

when there is a 50/50 ratio M:F

when in development (time) do sex organs develop

middle of development

what is tittilation

courthship behavior in painted turtles when males wave claws infront of female

what is sexual size dimorphism

when males are larger than females, usually due to the need to fight for mates (ex. snapping turtles, american alligator)

what is reverse sexual size dimorphism

when females are larger than males, usually due to the females waiting until later to mature to increase # & size of offspring (ex snakes, painted turtles)

what is the cusp of a turtle

almost like a tooth or sharp projection in the mouth

what is a tomium

the sharp Blade like area of a turtles beak

what is a synapomorphy

genetic trait that links species )ex. shells in turtles, sacral hinge of frogs)

what is variance speciation

speciation caused by a physical barrier, like mountains or rivers forming

what is a hypervariable site

sites in a DNA or RNA sequence that are especially prone to mutations

how many ventricles and atriums do snakes have

one ventricle, two atriums

what lung does the snake have

only one, right

how are snake vertebrates layered

the overap for stability to prevent excessive twisting

what are the sarcoptygil

fleshy fish and tetrapods

what group do frogs and toads belong to

anura

what group do salamanders belong to

caudata

what group do lizards, snakes, and ring lizards belong to?

squamata

what group do turtles and tortioses belong to

chelonia

what does the biological species concept state

species are groups that can reproduce with each other and have viable offspring

what does the evolutionary species concept state

species are phenotypically distinct groups that maintain independent evolutionary trajectotories

what type of poision do amphibs produce

alkaloid poisions

what is the inregument

largest organ of most vertebrates (basically skin)

whch frog is the green frog

which frog is the grey frog

which frog is the greater grey tree frog

which frog is the bullfrog

what is cypris

Background color matching

what is the gular

throat skin where folds for vocal sacs form

what is the tympanum

frog eardrum

what is the atlas

the single neck vertebrae that amphibs have (only allows them to move their heads up and down)

what is the sacral joint comprised of and what is its function

made up of the urostyle and ilia and increases jumping distance

what is saluation

the movment that frogs use (jumping)

what are imbricale scales

top scales on a snake (look scale like)

what are scutes on a snake

flat, cmooth scales of ventrum

what type of neck do reptiles and mammals have

atlas-axis vertebrae, that allows for up and down, side to side movment of the head

what is amplexus

mating position of amphibians (male on top)

what are efts

terrestrial juvinile newts

what snakes are oviparous (in MI)

eastern milk, smooth green, northern ring necked

what snakes are viviparous (in MI)

northern water, garter, ribbion, red bellied

what group are tree frogs a part of

hylidae

what group are toads a part of

bufonidae

what group do garters, water, ribbion, and red belly snakes belong to

colubridae

what is the purpose of the jacobsons organ (VNO)

allows them to "taste" the air

what is the name for snakes with a wide diet

evryphagous

what is the name for snakes with a narrow diet

stenophagous

what is the name for snakes that eat other snakes

ophiphagy

which frog is the northern spring peeper

which frog is the wood frog

which frog is the northern leaoprd frog