Introduction to European Union Law

This set of flashcards covers key terminology and concepts related to the history and foundational elements of European Union Law as outlined in the lecture notes.

Founding Fathers of the EU

Key figures, such as Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman, who advocated for European integration after World War II.

Marshall Plan

A system of loans and grants proposed by the United States in 1947 to aid in the reconstruction of Western European countries.

Truman Doctrine

A U.S. policy established in 1947 pledging to support Western European countries against external threats.

Council of Europe

An organization established in 1949 focused on promoting human rights and democracy in Europe, separate from the EU.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)

A military alliance formed in 1949, binding North American and Western European countries to mutual defense.

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty

The 1951 treaty that established a supranational community to manage coal and steel production among member states.

Direct Effect

The principle that EU law can create rights enforceable by individuals in national courts.

Supremacy of EU Law

The doctrine that EU law takes precedence over national laws in case of conflict.

EEC Treaty

The 1957 treaty that established the European Economic Community aimed at fostering economic integration.

Treaty of Maastricht

The 1992 treaty that laid the foundation for the modern European Union and introduced concepts like the Euro and EU citizenship.

Copenhagen Criteria

The criteria established by the EU for countries wishing to join, including a stable democracy and a functioning market economy.

Brexit

The term for the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, formally initiated with a 2016 referendum.

Normative Power

The EU's ability to shape the behavior of other countries through the promotion of values rather than military power.

Empty Chair Crisis

A political crisis in the 1960s when France boycotted EU meetings, affecting decision-making processes.

Common Market

An economic system in which member states allow free movement of goods, services, capital, and people.

Schuman Declaration

The 1950 proposal for Franco-German cooperation in coal and steel to prevent future conflicts in Europe.

Lisbon Treaty

The 2007 treaty that reformed the EU's structure and processes, aimed at enhancing efficiency and democratic legitimacy.