Study Guide: Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis

Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotic cells?

Cytosol

The end product of the "payoff phase" of glycolysis is

Pyruvate

Under hypoxic conditions, the end product of the glycolysis "payoff phase" is further converted into

lactate

How many ATPs are yielded as “net gain” per glucose in each glycolysis cycle?

2

How many pyruvates are yielded per glucose in each glycolysis cycle?

2

How many ATPs are produced during the payoff phase of glycolysis per glucose in each glycolysis cycle?

4

Six-carbon glucose is split into two 3-carbon intermediates in the

the "investment phase" of glycolysis

How many NADH are yielded as “net gain” per glucose in each glycolysis cycle?

2

Which of the following catalyzes the first step of glycolysis to trap glucose inside the cells?

Hexokinase

During glucose glycolysis, which of the following catalyzes the conversion of a 6-carbon carbohydrate intermediate into two 3-carbon intermediates?

aldolase

The Warburg effect of cells refers to

the preference of aerobic glycolysis for ATP production

Which of the following about the reaction between 1,3-BPG and ADP is correct?

1,3-BPG has a higher phosphoryl-transfer potential than that of ATP

Which of the following is true?

Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis

What is the primary organ/tissue conducting gluconeogenesis in humans?

liver

What is the primary organ/tissue conducting glycogenolysis in humans?

liver

Which of the following is not an initial input to start gluconeogenesis?

Leucine

The first step of gluconeogenesis is the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. How many carbon atoms do oxaloacetate have?

4

To catalyze the carboxylation of pyruvate, pyruvate carboxylase uses biotin prosthetic group to carry

CO2

Conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, the first step of gluconeogenesis, occurs in

Mitochondrion

From the following, select all cellular organelles that are involved in gluconeogenesis

Mitochondrion, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

In the liver and kidney cells, glucose-6-phosphatase that catalyzes the last step of gluconeogenesis, is located at

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Skeletal muscle-produced lactate is transported to the liver for gluconeogenesis and the newly-synthesized glucose then returns to the muscles. This process is

Cori cycle

Which of the following about fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP) and the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is correct? Select all that apply.

• Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP) is a master regulator of both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

• Cellular concentration of F-2,6-BP is regulated by the bifunctional enzyme PFK2/FBPase2

• PFK2 is a kinase and FBPase2 is a phosphatase

• F-2,6-BP is an allosteric inhibitor of FBPase-1 which is a required enzyme in gluconeogenesis

• Glucagon signaling pathway increases the phosphatase activity of the bifunctional enzyme PFK2/FBPase2