mock conceptual exam

Which of the following is required to use Pearson’s r?

interval/ratio variables with linear relationship

What happens to t in a paired samples t-test when r increases?

increases

In a paired samples t-test, what does a higher correlation between scores do?

decreases error

What happens to t when sample size increases (holding everything else constant)?

increases

What happens to t when standard deviation increases?

decreases

Which null hypothesis is correct for a t-test?

μ₁ = μ₂

Which null hypothesis is correct for Pearson’s r?

r = 0

Which null hypothesis is correct for ANOVA?

all means are equal

Which of the following best describes SSbetween?

variability due to IV

Which of the following best describes SSwithin?

individual differences/error

If SSwithin increases, what happens to F?

decreases

If SSbetween increases, what happens to F?

increases

When is the null hypothesis rejected in ANOVA?

when F is large

After a significant ANOVA, what should you do next?

run post hoc tests

Which best defines an interaction?

effect of one IV depends on another IV

A study shows a drug helps adults but harms teenagers. This is:

interaction

Which ANOVA is described as 2 x 3?

2 IVs, 2 and 3 levels

In a 2 x 2 ANOVA, how many main effects are there?

2

In a 2 x 2 ANOVA, how many interactions are there?

1

In a 2 x 3 ANOVA, how many F tests are there total?

3

What is the effect size for ANOVA?

eta-squared

What is the effect size for t-tests?

Cohen’s d

What does r² represent?

% of variance explained

What is the relationship between t and F?

F = t²

Which variable is manipulated?

IV

Which variable is measured?

DV

Which research design allows causal conclusions?

experimental

What does alpha (α) represent?

probability of Type I error

A Type I error is:

false positive

A Type II error is:

missing a real effect

Increasing sample size increases statistical power.

True

Increasing variability increases t values.

False

Pearson’s r requires a linear relationship.

True

In ANOVA, MSwithin represents error variance.

True

If F is significant, at least one group mean differs.

True

A significant interaction always means both main effects are significant.

False

In a paired t-test, scores are dependent.

True

Larger standard deviation leads to larger t values.

False

r² tells us how much variance is explained.

True

F and t are unrelated statistics.

False