Biology (H) Ch 38 Study

biodiversity includes 3 things

includes ecosystem diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity

how does ecosystem diversity affect humans in 3 ways

as natural ecosystems are lost, so are servivces spelike water purification, air purification, soil condiitons

biodiversity

all variety of life on earth

when ecosystems are lost, ____ are lost too

populations

4 ways population changes based on species diversity

extinction, extirpation, endangered, threatened species

extinction

irreversible situation in which all populations of a certain species are completely gone

extirpation

a single population of a species is gone

endangered

species that could possibly go extinct soon

threatened species, can lead to the population getting ____

decreases in population size, can lead to population getting endangered

keystone species being taken from an environment can leave a ____ impact on overall _____ of an ecosystem

negative impact on overall species richness

species richness

amount of species in an ecosystem

species loss can affect humans by limiting resources for ___ and ____

food and medicine

genetic diversity contains…

raw material that makes microevolution and adaptattion to the environment possible, like a DNA level

reduction in _____ ____, threatens the ___ of species

gene variation threatens the survival of species

5 major threats to biodiversity

habitat loss, invasive species, overharvesting, pollution, climate change

habitat loss is the ___ threat, how much land surface has already been altered, 3 examples

greatest threat to biodiversity, 50% of land surface has already been altered, examples of habitat loss is urban development, deforestation, agriculture

what is the greatest threat to biodiversity

habitat loss by humans

2 marine habitats that are severe in habitat loss

coastal areas and coral reefs

3 ways invasive species affect native communities

organisms disrupt native communities by competing, preying or paratising them

overharvesting, can cause___, 2 examples

harvesting or hunting at rates that exceed the ability of a population to replace itself, can cause communities to collapse, like fish or trees

pollution can have 3 effects on the world

can have local, regional, or global effects depending on how they are released

pollution may…

affect ecosystems far from the pollution source

ozone layer, how does it protect us

air pollutions that will cause the ozone layer to be depleted, and ozone layer protects us from harmful UV rays from the sun

3 types pollution occuring

ozone layer, eutrophication, biological magnification

eutrophication, leads to ___

water pollution of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to excessive algae growth, harming the environment

biological magnification, which consumres are most damaged by the toxins

toxins that move up a food chain and increase in concentration of toxicity each level, the top level consumer is the most damaged from the toxins

___ of biological magnification ____ be ___ ___by organisms

toxins, cannot, broken down