History Chapter 3: The Modernization of Quebec and the Quiet Revolution (1945-1980)

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Quebec history from 1945 to 1980, focusing on the Levesque, Bourassa, and Duplessis governments, as well as the Quiet Revolution.

The Premier of Quebec who came to power in $1976$ leading the Parti Quebecois and promised to consult the population on achieving Quebec sovereignty.

Rene levesque

Parti Quebecois

The political party that won $71$ of the $110$ seats in the National Assembly in $1976$, aiming for Quebec sovereignty through a referendum.

Referendum

A form of consultation leading towards Quebec sovereignty that the Levesque government promised to the population.

Multiculturalism Policy

A federal policy implemented by the Trudeau government in $1971$ to promote equality among different cultural groups, recognition of Indigenous rights, and the status of both French and English.

Immigration Act of 1976

A federal act that broadened eligibility criteria to promote the arrival of refugees and immigrants financially supported by family members in Canada.

Charter of the French Language (Bill 101)

A law adopted by the Parti Quebecois in $1977$ that placed legal restrictions on English use and instruction to provide greater protection for the French language.

Act Respecting Labour Standards

A $1979$ act requiring all employers to respect specific rules and conditions for employees, regardless of whether they were unionized.

Automobile Insurance Act

A reform passed in $1977$ by the Levesque government to provide compensation for victims of road accidents.

Health Insurance Act

A $1970$ law adopted by the Bourassa government that expanded free health care services beyond hospitalization.

CLSCs

Local community service centres established in $1974$ to provide standard health and social services such as vaccinations and home care.

Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms

A document adopted by the Bourassa government in $1975$ to protect the rights of individuals in Quebec.

James Bay Project

The largest and most ambitious hydroelectric development project initiated under Robert Bourassa's term to stimulate economic growth.

James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement

A $1975$ negotiation between the Bourassa government and Indigenous peoples to address traditional hunting and fishing rights threatened by hydroelectric projects.

FLQ (Front de libération du Quebec)

A radical separatist group that used violent and illegal acts, including the kidnapping of James Cross and Pierre Laporte, to promote Quebec sovereignty.

October Crisis

The $1970$ political crisis triggered by the FLQ kidnappings, which led Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to invoke the War Measures Act.

War Measures Act

Federal legislation invoked in $1970$ that allowed the government to take severe measures to control the October Crisis.

Common Front

An alliance formed between $1970$ and $1972$ by three major labour confederations (CEQ, FTQ, and CSN) to increase their leverage in negotiations with the government.

Official Language Act (Bill 22)

A $1974$ act passed by the Bourassa government that made French the province's only official language and limited access to English schools.

Welfare State

A government model, adopted during the Quiet Revolution, where the state provides essential services and intervenes in social and economic affairs to ensure accessibility for all.

Secularization

The process of transferring the responsibility for social services like education and health from the Church to the state.

Parent Commission

A commission led by Alphonse-Marie Parent that recommended the creation of the Ministry of Education and co-education to reform the school system.

Caisse de depot et placement du Quebec

An institution created in $1965$ to manage funds for public and private insurance plans and help finance companies or projects.

Crown Corporation

A state-owned entity, such as Hydro-Quebec, used by the government to manage natural resources and drive economic development.

Maître Chez-Nous

A slogan reflecting principles of economic nationalism, used to support the nationalization of electricity and Quebec's control over its own resources.

CEGEPs

The first of these general and vocational colleges were opened in $1967$ under the Union nationale government of Daniel Johnson.

Official Languages Act (1969)

A federal law passed by the Trudeau government making English and French the two official languages of Canada.

Maurice Duplessis

The Premier of Quebec from $1944$ to $1960$ who was committed to provincial autonomy, economic liberalism, and maintaining close ties with the Catholic Church.

Refus Global

A $1948$ manifesto published by artists that protested the social conservatism and clericalism of the Duplessis era.

Equalization System

A federal system established in $1957$ to distribute money to poorer provinces to reduce economic inequalities.