med sci diseases

Galactosaemia

Cause: Genetic mutation; Symptoms: Yellow skin, vomiting; Treatment: No milk or lactose.

PKU (Phenylketonuria)

Cause: Inherited metabolic disorder; Symptoms: Seizures, rashes; Treatment: Low-protein diet.

Coeliac disease

Cause: Autoimmune reaction to gluten; Symptoms: Diarrhoea, stomach pain; Treatment: Gluten-free diet.

Lactose intolerance

Cause: Lack of lactase enzyme; Symptoms: Bloating, gas; Treatment: Dairy-free diet or enzyme pills.

Cancer

Cause: Genetic mutations; Symptoms: Lumps, weight loss; Treatment: Chemo or surgery.

Parkinson’s disease

Cause: Low dopamine; Symptoms: Shaking, slow movement; Treatment: Medication (L-dopa).

Multiple sclerosis

Cause: Immune system attacks nerves; Symptoms: Weakness, numbness; Treatment: Steroids.

ALS

Cause: Death of motor neurons; Symptoms: Muscle twitching, stiffness; Treatment: Supportive care.

Hypothyroidism

Cause: Underactive thyroid; Symptoms: Weight gain, tiredness; Treatment: Hormone tablets.

Growth hormone deficiency

Cause: Pituitary gland issue; Symptoms: Short height, weak bones; Treatment: Hormone injections.

Hyperthyroidism

Cause: Overactive thyroid; Symptoms: Fast heart rate, weight loss; Treatment: Anti-thyroid meds.

Acromegaly

Cause: Too much growth hormone; Symptoms: Large jaw, joint pain; Treatment: Surgery.

Diabetes type 1

Cause: Pancreas makes no insulin; Symptoms: Thirst, frequent peeing; Treatment: Insulin shots.

Diabetes type 2

Cause: Body resists insulin; Symptoms: Fatigue, blurred vision; Treatment: Diet and exercise.

Osteoarthritis

Cause: Worn-out joint cartilage; Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling; Treatment: Painkillers.

Osteoporosis

disease that weakens bones, making them fragile and highly susceptible to fractures

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Cause: Lack of muscle protein; Symptoms: Weakness, falls; Treatment: Physiotherapy.

Myasthenia gravis

Cause: Blocked nerve signals; Symptoms: Droopy eyes, fatigue; Treatment: Medication.

Bruising

Cause: Broken blood vessels; Symptoms: Purple skin, pain; Treatment: Ice packs.

Pressure sores

Cause: Skin pressure; Symptoms: Redness, skin holes; Treatment: Moving the body often.

Physiological shock

Cause: Low blood volume; Symptoms: Low blood pressure, fast pulse; Treatment: IV fluids.

Atherosclerosis

Cause: Fatty buildup in arteries; Symptoms: Chest pain, poor flow; Treatment: Better diet.

Arteriosclerosis

Cause: Hardened artery walls; Symptoms: High blood pressure, numbness; Treatment: Blood pressure meds.

Coronary heart disease

Cause: Clogged heart arteries; Symptoms: Angina, breathlessness; Treatment: Heart surgery.

Stroke

Cause: Blocked brain blood flow; Symptoms: Face drooping, slurred speech; Treatment: Clot-busting meds.

Bradycardia

Cause: Damaged heart tissue; Symptoms: Slow heart rate, fainting; Treatment: Pacemaker.

Tachycardia

Cause: Electrical heart issues; Symptoms: Fast heart rate, palpitations; Treatment: Beta-blockers.

Atrial fibrillation

Cause: Irregular heart signals; Symptoms: Fluttering heart, dizziness; Treatment: Blood thinners.

Asthma

Cause: Inflamed airways; Symptoms: Wheezing, tight chest; Treatment: Inhalers.

Chronic bronchitis

Cause: Lung inflammation; Symptoms: Long-term cough, mucus; Treatment: Quit smoking.

Emphysema

Cause: Damaged air sacs; Symptoms: Shortness of breath, cough; Treatment: Oxygen therapy.

COPD

Cause: Smoking damage; Symptoms: Constant wheezing, coughing; Treatment: Inhalers.

Pulmonary fibrosis

Cause: Lung scarring; Symptoms: Dry cough, tiredness; Treatment: Lung transplant.

Kidney failure

Cause: Damaged kidneys; Symptoms: Swelling, less peeing; Treatment: Dialysis.

Kidney stones

Cause: Mineral buildup; Symptoms: Sharp side pain, blood in pee; Treatment: Drinking water.

Gastric ulcers

Cause: Stomach infection or meds; Symptoms: Stomach burning, nausea; Treatment: Antibiotics.

IBS

Cause: Sensitive gut; Symptoms: Cramps, bloating; Treatment: Diet changes

Rickets

bone disease characterized by soft, weakened bones, stunted growth, and skeletal deformities from beong vitamin D deficient