UA Exam 2

The kidneys play a role in regulation of blood pressure.

True

Urine collection/flow initiates at what component of the kidney?

Bowman’s Capsule

What component of the kidney is responsible for control of filtration and concentration functions?

 

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

What region is defined as the “functional units” of the kidneys and includes filtering and concentrating functions?

Nephrons

Which of the following does NOT perform concentrating functions within the kidney?

Glomerulus

Which statement about urine is INCORRECT?

 

A consistently isosthenuric voided urine sample is healthy

A body in urine sediment that contain numerous highly refractile droplets as a single entity is most likely a(n):

 

Oval fat body

A squamous epithelial cell appears to have shaggy (fuzzy/furry) edges. It should be reported as a(n):

 

Clue cell

Close examination and identification of specific characteristics of casts should be performed:

 

At high power (40x)

Healthy individuals may have which of the following in their urine, as a normal finding, after strenuous exercise?

 

Hyaline casts

Individual red blood cells (ONLY individual cells) observed under microscopic examination most likely indicate: 

 

Bleeding from the bladder or urethra

Prior to reporting an RBC cast it is important to observe:

 

Free floating RBC’s in addition to the RBC cast

Renal tubule epithelial cells are always considered pathological and warrant further investigation.

True

Identify the following.

 

Red blood cell cast

RTE cell casts are most indicative of which of the following pathological conditions?

 

Tubular necrosis

Renal tubule epithelial cells are most likely to be confused with:

 

White blood cells

The presence of which of the following is a strong visual marker (easily observed) in microscopy associated with bacterial vaginosis?

 

Clue cells

To distinguish between WBC clumps and WBC casts it is important to observe:

 

The presence of a cast matrix

Identify the following:

 

Trichomonas vaginalis

Urinary casts are primarily composed of:

Uromodulin

Identify the following.

 

WBC cast

Renal tubule epithelial cells are most readily and best identified by:

 

Noting the position of a nucleus relative to the center of the cell

Identify the following.

 

Waxy cast

What condition is NOT ideal for the formation and viability of casts?

 

Alkaline pH

What entity is responsible for bacterial vaginosis?

 

Gardnerella vaginalis

What is the most commonly viewed WBC in urine?

Neutrophils

What urine microscopic constituents would most likely be present IN PYELONEPHRITIS but NOT CYSTITIS?

 

WBC casts

Which of the following aids in differentiating renal tubule epithelial cells from spherical transitional epithelial cells?

 

RTE cell nuclei are eccentric

Which of the following casts most frequently appears to have broken or serrated edges?

Waxy

Which of the following is a BACTERIAL cause of WBC’s in urine?

Pyelonephritis

Which of the following is most commonly associated with a non-clean catch urine specimen provided by a male?

 

Squamous epithelial cells

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a red blood cell in urine?

Refractile

Which type of cast indicates significant urinary stasis and a poor prognosis for the patient's kidney health?

 

Broad and waxy casts

White blood cell casts (with no bacteria) are most likely indicative of what condition?

Acute interstitial nephritis; Glomerulonephritis

A urine sample provided is provided by a female patient. Of the following, which microscopic entity is most certainly a NON-pathological indicator (not an indicator of a harmful condition)?

Mucus

Addition of acetic acid to a urine sample will remove which of the following entities?

 

Red blood cells

Presence of bacterial casts in urine is verified by what method?

 

Gram staining

Methylene blue is a stain useful for identifying what particular component in urine?

 

White blood cells

Which of the following casts most frequently appears to have broken or serrated edges?

Waxy

Prior to reporting an RBC cast it is important to observe:

Free floating RBCs

Hyaline casts found in the urine of a football player admitted to the hospital following a concussion are most likely the result of:

Dehydration and exertion

Fatty casts are most indicative of:

Nephrotic syndrome

RTE casts are most indicative of

Tubular necrosis

To distinguish between WBC clumps and WBC casts it is important to observe:

The presence of a cast matrix

Presence of what urine microscopic constituents would best differentiate between cystitis and pyelonephritis?

WBC casts

Urinary casts are primarily composed of:

Uromodulin

Transitional epithelial cells are identified by what nuclear characteristic?

Central positioned nucleus

Eosinophils in urine are often due to what pathological condition?

Acute interstitial nephritis