England: Notable Architecture (and Notable Architects)

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Last updated 2:03 PM on 5/25/26
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43 Terms

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Romanesque (All Facts)

  • Architectural style that came to dominate England and Europe by 1100

    • Style derived from the round Roman arch, which it repeats in series to divide church naves and abbey cloisters into bays

    • Style characterized by its carved capitals, which appeared on church columns and around the arches of churches throughout England and Europe

  • Architectural style that possessed a grandiose quality that derived from the use of stone vaults below the roofs and partly from a more unified concept of the church

    • Developed in response to the needs of the clergy, monks, and pilgrims who used them

  • Style which informed the namesake cathedrals in England at

    • Winchester

    • Norwich

    • Durham

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959 - Westminster Abbey (All Facts)

  • Consecrated by Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside

  • Used a “Continental Model,” marking the end of English architectural isolation

<ul><li><p>Consecrated by Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside </p></li><li><p>Used a “Continental Model,” marking the end of English architectural isolation </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1066 - The Tower of London (All Facts)

  • Built during the reign of William the Conqueror

<ul><li><p>Built during the reign of William the Conqueror </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1066 - Hastings Castle (All Facts)

  • Built during the reign of William the Conqueror

<ul><li><p>Built during the reign of William the Conqueror </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1066 - Dover Castle (All Facts)

  • Rebuilt during the reign of William the Conqueror

<ul><li><p>Rebuilt during the reign of William the Conqueror </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1066 - Pevensey Castle (All Facts)

  • Rebuilt during the reign of William the Conqueror

<ul><li><p>Rebuilt during the reign of William the Conqueror </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1070 - Windsor Castle (All Facts)

  • Built during the reign of William the Conqueror

<ul><li><p>Built during the reign of William the Conqueror </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1078 - White Tower (All Facts)

  • Built during the reign of William the Conqueror

  • Its placed at the center of the Tower of London and gives it its name

<ul><li><p>Built during the reign of William the Conqueror </p></li><li><p>Its placed at the center of the Tower of London and gives it its name </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1070 - Canterbury Cathedral (All Facts)

  • When it was built, it was a Catholic Church

    • Its crypt featured its being carved with goats and she-devils

  • Represented the English Perpendicular architectural style, in that its nave had smoothly shafted columns rising to the “lierne vaults”

<ul><li><p>When it was built, it was a Catholic Church</p><ul><li><p>Its crypt featured its being carved with goats and she-devils</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Represented the English Perpendicular architectural style, in that its nave had smoothly shafted columns rising to the “lierne vaults” </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1079 - Winchester Cathedral (All Facts)

  • Church built in the Norman-Romanesque style

  • When it was built, it was a Catholic Church

<ul><li><p>Church built in the Norman-Romanesque style</p></li><li><p>When it was built, it was a Catholic Church </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1096 - Norwich Cathedral (All Facts)

  • When it was built, it was a Catholic Church

<ul><li><p>When it was built, it was a Catholic Church </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1133 - Durham Cathedral (All Facts)

  • When it was built, it was a Catholic Church

  • It featured clusters of columns up the nave alternative with massive piers decorated with carved zig-zag chevrons

    • Unlike all previous church architecture, it was vaulted throughout

    • It used a new and more stable combination of pointed arches and had buttressed arches beneath the gallery roof

<ul><li><p>When it was built, it was a Catholic Church</p></li><li><p>It featured clusters of columns up the nave alternative with massive piers decorated with carved zig-zag chevrons</p><ul><li><p>Unlike all previous church architecture, it was vaulted throughout </p></li><li><p>It used a new and more stable combination of pointed arches and had buttressed arches beneath the gallery roof </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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1177 - Avignon Bridge (All Facts)

<p></p>
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1185 - Lincoln Cathedral (All Facts)

  • Exemplary of High Gothic architecture, in which new construction techniques were used to varied aesthetic ends and structures themselves were made ornamental

<ul><li><p>Exemplary of High Gothic architecture, in which new construction techniques were used to varied aesthetic ends and structures themselves were made ornamental</p></li></ul><p></p>
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1220 - Salisbury Cathedral (All Facts)

  • Known for containing the earliest surviving weight-driven clock in England, which was installed there in 1386

<ul><li><p>Known for containing the earliest surviving weight-driven clock in England, which was installed there in 1386 </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1239 - Wells Cathedral (All Facts)

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1288 - Pershore Abbey (All Facts)

  • Famous for its being the place of one of the earliest “lierne vaults”, characterized by small ribs running from one major rib to another

  • These “lierne vaults” because a purely decorative albeit typical device of English architecture thereafter

<ul><li><p>Famous for its being the place of one of the earliest “lierne vaults”, characterized by small ribs running from one major rib to another </p></li><li><p>These “lierne vaults” because a purely decorative albeit typical device of English architecture thereafter </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1348 - 1375 - Ely Cathedral (All Facts)

  • Represented Second Generation “Decorated” Gothic architecture in England

  • Known for its undulating blind arcading and curvilinear tracery derived from geometrical forms

<ul><li><p>Represented Second Generation “Decorated” Gothic architecture in England </p></li><li><p>Known for its undulating blind arcading and curvilinear tracery derived from geometrical forms </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1300s - 1600s - Tower Hill (All Facts)

  • Site in London near White Tower where high-status prisoners were executed, sometimes beheaded

<ul><li><p>Site in London near White Tower where high-status prisoners were executed, sometimes beheaded</p></li></ul><p></p>
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1480 - Divinity School (All Facts)

  • Located at the University of Oxford

  • Represented the English Perpendicular Gothic style, with its extremely intricate vaulting

<ul><li><p>Located at the University of Oxford</p></li><li><p>Represented the English Perpendicular Gothic style, with its extremely intricate vaulting </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1482 - Gloucester Cathedral (All Facts)

  • Represented the Perpendicular style of architecture in England with its cloister, where the ribs of the vault spread out into fan-vaulting

<ul><li><p>Represented the Perpendicular style of architecture in England with its cloister, where the ribs of the vault spread out into fan-vaulting</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Waltham Abbey (All Facts)

  • Located in Essex

  • It was the last of England’s big monastic houses to be seized during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII and the English Reformation

<ul><li><p>Located in Essex</p></li><li><p>It was the last of England’s big monastic houses to be seized during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII and the English Reformation </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1485 - 1603 - Tudor Gothic Architecture (All Facts)

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1514 - Hampton Court Palace (All Facts)

  • Home built by Thomas Wolsey for King Henry VIII of England

    • Wolsey had built it to try and save his own life as he fell out of favor with the king

  • Unlike many French castles, it never saw the scene of battle

  • Its namesake conference took place here, which led to the publication of the King James Version of the Holy Bible

<ul><li><p>Home built by Thomas Wolsey for King Henry VIII of England</p><ul><li><p>Wolsey had built it to try and save his own life as he fell out of favor with the king</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Unlike many French castles, it never saw the scene of battle</p></li><li><p>Its namesake conference took place here, which led to the publication of the King James Version of the Holy Bible </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1538 - Nonsuch Palace (All Facts)

  • Built during the reign of King Henry VIII

<ul><li><p>Built during the reign of King Henry VIII </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1571 - Royal Exchange (All Facts)

  • Center of commerce in Cornhill for the city of London in England built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth

  • Founded by Thomas Gresham

  • It was built over piazzas supported by marble pillars

  • Its ground floor was reserved for wholesalers, with retail shops in its gallery above

  • Its merchants were summoned to meetings by bells

<ul><li><p>Center of commerce in Cornhill for the city of London in England built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth </p></li><li><p>Founded by Thomas Gresham</p></li><li><p>It was built over piazzas supported by marble pillars</p></li><li><p>Its ground floor was reserved for wholesalers, with retail shops in its gallery above</p></li><li><p>Its merchants were summoned to meetings by bells</p></li></ul><p></p>
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1579 - 1757 - Nonsuch House (All Facts)

  • Four-story house that was located on London Bridge and built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth

  • It was the first prefabricated building in history

    • It was set up among the shops and houses that lined London Bridge at the time

    • It was originally built in Holland and then brought over in sections and re-erected

<ul><li><p><span>Four-story house that was located on </span>London Bridge and built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth </p></li><li><p><span>It was the first </span>prefabricated building in history </p><ul><li><p>It was set up among the shops and houses that lined London Bridge at the time </p></li><li><p>It was originally built in Holland and then brought over in sections and re-erected </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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1558 - 1603 - Elizabethan Architecture (All Facts)

  • Architectural Style of England during the English Renaissance / reign of the namesake

    • heavily influenced by the Northern Renaissance in Europe (continental via Flanders and France, not Italy) and the style of (Dutch) Fleming Vredeman de Vries

    • which acquired great originality, despite Italian influence on its large houses, which could be seen in the tendency for the English at the time to build symmetrical frontages

    • in which the arrangement of rooms internally was generally similar to that of earlier times, with a great chamber as the ceremonial heart of the English house

    • which reflected the growing wealth at the time of families that prospered from rising prices, royal service, and the dissolution of the monasteries

    • which, despite their grandeur, were criticized at the time for being flimsy and two-dimensional compared with prior Tudor Gothic buildings in which windows were often flush with walls rather than set deeply into them

    • in which pilasters were preferred to columns

    • in which buttresses were rare

<ul><li><p>Architectural Style of England during the English Renaissance / reign of the namesake</p><ul><li><p>heavily influenced by the Northern Renaissance in Europe (continental via Flanders and France, not Italy) and the style of (Dutch) Fleming Vredeman de Vries</p></li><li><p>which acquired great originality, despite Italian influence on its large houses, which could be seen in the tendency for the English at the time to build symmetrical frontages</p></li><li><p>in which the arrangement of rooms internally was generally similar to that of earlier times, with a great chamber as the ceremonial heart of the English house</p></li><li><p>which reflected the growing wealth at the time of families that prospered from rising prices, royal service, and the dissolution of the monasteries</p></li><li><p>which, despite their grandeur, were criticized at the time for being flimsy and two-dimensional compared with prior Tudor Gothic buildings in which windows were often flush with walls rather than set deeply into them </p></li><li><p>in which pilasters were preferred to columns </p></li><li><p>in which buttresses were rare </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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1580 - Longleat House (All Facts)

  • Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth

<ul><li><p>Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1583 - Holdenby House / Holmby House (All Facts)

  • Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth

<ul><li><p>Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth</p></li></ul><p></p>
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1583 - Theobalds House (All Facts)

  • Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth by William Cecil

  • Located in Hertfordshire

<ul><li><p>Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth by William Cecil </p></li><li><p>Located in Hertfordshire </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1587 - Burghley House (All Facts)

  • Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth by William Cecil

  • Located in Stamford

<ul><li><p>Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth by William Cecil </p></li><li><p>Located in Stamford </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1588 - Wollaton Hall (All Facts)

  • Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth

  • Located in Nottingham

<ul><li><p>Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth</p></li><li><p>Located in Nottingham</p></li></ul><p></p>
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1597 - Hardwick Hall (All Facts)

  • Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth

<ul><li><p>Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>1602 - Bodelian Library (All Facts) </p>

1602 - Bodelian Library (All Facts)

  • Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth

  • Located in Oxford

  • Founded by Thomas Bodley

<ul><li><p>Exemplifies Elizabethan Architecture, built during the English Renaissance / reign of Queen Elizabeth</p></li><li><p>Located in Oxford </p></li><li><p>Founded by Thomas Bodley </p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>1573 - 1652 - Inigo Jones (All Facts) </p>

1573 - 1652 - Inigo Jones (All Facts)

  • English Architect

  • He was the Surveyor the Crown

  • He began as a stage designer, and his court masques introduced a proscenium arch, a revolving stage, flying scenery, and costly costumes of cloth of silver and gold

    • He introduced movable scenery

  • He staged Ben Jonson’s masques for King James of England

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<p>1622 - Inigo Jones: Banqueting House at Whitehall (All Facts)</p>

1622 - Inigo Jones: Banqueting House at Whitehall (All Facts)

  • Rebuilt by the namesake on the Italian model of Andrea Palladio and inspired by Virtruvius’s Roman treatise which the namesake brought back from Italy

  • Its scale was grandiose and its ceiling panels were commissioned from Peter Paul Rubens by King Charles of England, sent over from Antwerp which depicted the reign of King James in Olympian style

<ul><li><p>Rebuilt by the namesake on the Italian model of Andrea Palladio and inspired by Virtruvius’s Roman treatise which the namesake brought back from Italy</p></li><li><p>Its scale was grandiose and its ceiling panels were commissioned from Peter Paul Rubens by King Charles of England, sent over from Antwerp which depicted the reign of King James in Olympian style</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>1622 - Inigo Jones: Queen’s House (All Facts) </p>

1622 - Inigo Jones: Queen’s House (All Facts)

  • Built for Queen Henrietta Maria

  • Located at Greenwich (east of London on the Thames River)

  • It was in the style of a Palladian villa

<ul><li><p>Built for Queen Henrietta Maria </p></li><li><p>Located at Greenwich (east of London on the Thames River) </p></li><li><p>It was in the style of a Palladian villa </p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>1625 - Inigo Jones: Queen’s Chapel (All Facts) </p>

1625 - Inigo Jones: Queen’s Chapel (All Facts)

  • Located in St. James Palace

<ul><li><p>Located in St. James Palace </p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>1638 - Inigo Jones: Piazza at Covent Garden (All Facts) </p>

1638 - Inigo Jones: Piazza at Covent Garden (All Facts)

  • London’s first example of town planning, laid out as “an estate for gentlemen” on behalf of the landlord it was commissioned to, the earl of Bedford

  • It was / is a large square formed by uniform houses built over arcaded loggias in the Italian manner

  • It included (the old) St. Paul’s Cathedral, which, like the classical temple of the Tuscan order, stood at one end of the piazza, where a fruit and vegetable market was opened

  • Located just north of the strand

<ul><li><p>London’s first example of town planning, laid out as “an estate for gentlemen” on behalf of the landlord it was commissioned to, the earl of Bedford </p></li><li><p>It was / is a large square formed by uniform houses built over arcaded loggias in the Italian manner </p></li><li><p>It included (the old) St. Paul’s Cathedral, which, like the classical temple of the Tuscan order, stood at one end of the piazza, where a fruit and vegetable market was opened </p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Located just north of the strand</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>1641 - Ingo Jones: Lindsey House, Lincoln's Inn Fields (All Facts) </p>

1641 - Ingo Jones: Lindsey House, Lincoln's Inn Fields (All Facts)

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<p>1632 - 1723 - Christopher Wren (All Facts) </p>

1632 - 1723 - Christopher Wren (All Facts)

  • English Architect and Polymath

    • He is one of the most highly acclaimed architects in the history of England

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