apush period 8 26-50

NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, created in 1958 to lead U.S. space exploration and compete in the Space Race.

U-2 Incident

A Cold War crisis where a U.S. spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union, increasing tensions between the two superpowers.

Brown v Board of Education

A landmark decision declaring racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Thurgood Marshall

A civil rights lawyer who argued Brown v. Board and became the first Black Supreme Court justice.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A protest against segregated buses in Alabama that led to a Supreme Court ruling ending bus segregation

Rosa Parks

Her refusal to give up her bus seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Martin Luther King Jr

A key leader who promoted nonviolent protest to achieve civil rights.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

An organization led by MLK that coordinated nonviolent protests in the South.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

A student-led group that organized grassroots protests like sit-ins and voter registration drives.

Sit-ins

Nonviolent protests where participants sat in segregated places (like lunch counters) to challenge segregation.

Freedom rides

Bus trips through the South to challenge segregation in interstate transportation.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned segregation in public places and outlawed discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin.

Voting Rights Act of 1964

Protected voting rights by banning discriminatory practices like literacy tests.

March on Washington

A massive protest where MLK delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.

Malcolm X

A Black nationalist leader who advocated for self-defense and Black empowerment.

Black Power Movement

A movement emphasizing racial pride, economic independence, and self-determination.

Black Panther Party

A group that promoted self-defense and community programs like free breakfasts.

New Frontier

John F. Kennedy’s agenda focusing on space, education, and economic growth.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A failed U.S.-backed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 13-day standoff over Soviet missiles in Cuba that nearly led to nuclear war.

Peace Corps

A program sending Americans abroad to provide aid and promote goodwill.

Great Society

Lyndon B. Johnson’s plan to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.

Medicare/Medicaid

Government programs providing healthcare for the elderly (Medicare) and low-income individuals (Medicaid).

War on Poverty

A series of programs aimed at reducing poverty in the U.S.

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

A law that funded anti-poverty programs like Job Corps and Head Start.