Phlebs Ch. 2

Infection Control

Nosocomial infections are infections acquired while a patient...

This infection is acquired while a patient is inside the facility…

Nosocomial infections begin to show symptoms…

This type of infection develops symptoms 48 hours after admission or within 30 days of discharge…

Community-Acquired Infections occur while a patient is...

These infections occur prior to admission, while the patient is outside the facility…

Community-Acquired Infections begin to develop symptoms…

In the first 48 hours after admission, these infections begin to develop symptoms…

Local Infections are...

An infection restricted to one area of the body is a…

Systemic infections are…

Infections that affect the entire body…

Communicable infections are infections which...

These infections spread from person to person…

The Chain of Infection in order is...

1. Infectious agent

2. Reservoir

3. Portal of exit

4. Mode of transmission

5. Portal of entry

6. Susceptible host

Autogenous Infections are...

Infections that come from your own flora are...

Some factors that affect a host’s susceptibility are…

• Chronic illness

• Immunosuppressive agents

• HIV

• Chemotherapy

Examples of flora that may cause autogenous infections are…

• Yeast

• Mycoplasma

The Modes of Transmission are...

• Direct Contact

• Indirect Contact

• Droplet

• Vehicle

• Airborne

• Vector

The Direct Contact mode of transmission is...

Physical transfer of infectious material from the source to a susceptible host is...

The Indirect Contact mode of transmission is...

Transfer of infectious material via an object, such as bed linens

The Droplet mode of transmission is...

Droplets that travel 1 meter or less from the infected individual

An example of an Airborne infection is...

• Ebola

• Tuberculosis

• SARS COVID-19

The Vehicle mode of transmission is...

Transfer of infectious material through contaminated items, such as food

The Airborne mode of transmission is...

Droplets that transfer on air currents, such as tuberculosis

The Vector mode of transmission is...

Transmission by insects, such as malaria transmitted by mosquitos

Amniotic fluid is...

Fluid surrounding an unborn child is called...

Pleural fluid is...

Fluid from the lungs is called...

Peritoneal tissue is...

Fluid from the abdominal area is called...

Edematous fluid is...

Fluid that has built up in the body tissue is called...

Pericardial fluid is...

Fluid surrounding the heart is called...

Seminal fluid is...

Fluid ejaculated from the penis is called…

Synovial fluid is…

Fluid from the joints is called...

Cerebrospinal fluid is...

Fluid from the spinal column is called…

The five main points of Standard Precautions are...

• Wash hands when changing gloves and between patients

• Wear gloves when likely to touch body substances, mucous membranes, or non-intact skin and during all blood drawing

• Wear protective cover when clothing is likely to be soiled

• Wear a mask and eye protection in addition to a protective body cover when likely to be splashed with body substances

• Place intact needle/syringe in designated sharps containers; do not bend, break, or cut needles

Six major tactics to reduce the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens are...

• Engineering controls

• Work practices

• Housekeeping

• Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccination

• Private rooms

• Personal protective equipment

Engineering Controls are...

Physical and mechanical devices that are available to healthcare associates to reduce or eliminate the potential to reduce or eliminate the potential to transfer infectious diseases...

Sharps containers must be discarded before they exceed...

These must be discarded before they exceed 80% capacity...

Work Practice Controls include...

• Handwashing

• Properly disposing of sharps

• Avoiding eating, drinking, applying contact lenses, cosmetics, or lip balm in contaminated areas

• Storing food and drink separate from infectious materials

These are all included in...

List the Antisepctics for use on skin

• 70% IPA

  • Can be pre-packaged pads or saturated into gauze

• Tinctures of iodine or povidone-iodine

  • Comes as pads or swabs

  • Mostly used to prepare skin for blood cultures or arterial punctures

• 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 70% IPA

  • Used to prepare skin for blood cultures

• Benzalkonium Chloride

  • Used for clean catches

  • Males get two wipes, females one?

• Zephiran Chloride

• Hydrogen Peroxide is an alternative for patients allergic to IPA

  • Hand washing recommended if allergic to both

The single most important way to stop the spread of infection is...

Handwashing is the most important way to...

Blood tubes must be enclosed in...

An impervious self-sealing bag must be used to enclose all...

Tubes must be bagged before...

Before they are removed from the patient’s room, tubes must be...

Strict isolation is used for...

The isolation category where contagious diseases such as chickenpox, diphtheria, or pneumonia must be placed in strict isolation is...

Contact isolation is used for...

Diseases that are transmitted by direct contact with the patient such as scabies require this type of isolation...