Chemistry Chapters 9 and 10

Kinetics

Rate

Change in concentration per unit of time

Rate Law

Mathematical relationship between rate of reaction and concentrations of reactants

Rate Constant

Proportionality factor relating concentration to rate

Flooding (isolation)

Conditions in which all but one reactant's concentrations don't change appreciably over the course of the reaction

Integrated Rate Law

Mathematical relationship between concentrations of species and time

Half Life

Time it takes for a concentration to reduce by a factor of two

Frequency Factor

Pre-exponential value that accounts for the number of collisions and the orientation of molecular collisions

Activation Energy

Energy input needed for a reaction to proceed

Activated State

The energy and orientation of a molecule that has been given energy but has not yet been converted into products

Transition State

High-energy point on a reaction coordinate diagram

Catalyst

Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed

Elementary Step

A chemical reaction whose rate law is directly related to its molecularity

Rate-Determining Step

Slowest step in in a reaction mechanism

Molecularity

How many molecules must come together for a reaction to proceed.

Reaction Intermediate

Species produced in one-step of a mechanism but consumed in another step.

Pressure

Forces per unit area

Equation of state

The mathematical relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for a gas

Compressibility Factor

The ratio of PV to nRT for a gas