Introduction to the Internet, World Wide Web, and HTML Basics

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards for students reviewing basic web development concepts, including Internet history, networking protocols, and HTML5 tag fundamentals.

The interconnected network of computer networks that spans the globe is called the __________.

Internet

The __________ is the graphical user interface to information stored on computers running web servers connected to the Internet.

World Wide Web

A private network contained within an organization or business used to share information among coworkers is an __________.

Intranet

A private network that securely shares part of an organization’s information with external partners is an __________.

Extranet

The World Wide Web Consortium is abbreviated as __________.

W3C

The W3C produces specifications called __________ in an effort to standardize web technologies.

Recommendations

The group within the W3C that focuses on producing specifications for web accessibility is the __________.

WAI

An __________ Website provides accommodations for individuals with visual, auditory, physical, and neurological disabilities.

Accessible

WCAG stands for __________.

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

The __________ is a law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

__________ of the Rehabilitation Act requires government agencies to give individuals with disabilities comparable access to information technology.

$$508$$

__________ is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptation.

Universal Design

A __________ consists of two or more computers connected together for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources.

Network

A __________ is usually confined to a single building or group of buildings.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A __________ is usually dispersed over wide geographical areas.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

The __________ model describes a relationship between two computer programs where one requests a service and the other fulfills it.

Client/Server

In the Internet Client/Server model, the Web Browser acts as the __________.

Client

In the Internet Client/Server model, the Web Server acts as the __________.

Server

The web client uses __________ to request web pages from a server.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

A web browser is connected to the Internet when __________.

needed

A web server is __________ connected to the Internet.

continually

Apache and Internet Information Server are popular types of __________ software.

Web Server

A web server responds to a request by transmitting a status code, the web page, and __________.

associated files

__________ are rules that describe the methods used for clients and servers to communicate with each other over a network.

Protocols

The __________ is a set of rules that allow files to be exchanged between computers on the Internet.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Web developers commonly use __________ to transfer web page files from their computers to web servers.

FTP

The __________ is used for sending e-mail.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

The __________ and IMAP are protocols used for receiving e-mail.

Post Office Protocol (POP3)

The official communication protocol of the Internet is __________.

TCP/IP

The purpose of __________ is to ensure the integrity of communication by breaking files into packets.

TCP

TCP breaks files and messages into individual units called __________.

packets

The __________ is a set of rules that controls how data is sent between computers on the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP)

A __________ is a hardware device designed to move network traffic.

router

Each device connected to the Internet has a unique numeric __________ address.

IP

An IP address consists of a set of four groups of numbers called __________.

octets

A __________ locates an organization or other entity on the Internet and may correspond to an IP address.

Domain Name

The __________ associates unique computer IP Addresses with text-based domain names.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A __________ identifies a resource on the Internet.

URI

A __________ is a type of URI which represents the network location of a resource.

URL

A __________ identifies the rightmost part of the domain name.

Top-Level Domain (TLD)

The TLD __________ is restricted for use by government agencies.

$$.gov$$

A __________ is a standard for specifying a markup language or tag set.

SGML

The set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file intended for display on a web browser is __________.

HTML

XML is a text-based language intended to extend the power of HTML by separating __________ from presentation.

data

The next version of HTML4 and XHTML is __________.

HTML5

Each markup code in HTML represents an HTML __________.

element

Most HTML elements are coded as a pair of tags consisting of an opening tag and a __________ tag.

closing

HTML tags are enclosed in __________ brackets.

angle

HTML5 is intended to be __________ compatible with older versions.

backwards

HTML5 adds functionality to edit __________ data.

form

HTML5 provides __________ support for video and audio.

native

The first line of an HTML5 document should be __________.

<!DOCTYPE html>

The __________ section of an HTML document contains information that describes the document.

Head

The __________ section of an HTML document contains text and elements that display in the browser.

Body

The __________ tag in the head section defines the text shown in the browser's title bar.

<title>

The __________ element is used to specify the character encoding of a web page.

meta

Standard character encoding for web pages is often set to __________.

$$\text{utf-8}$$

There are __________ levels of HTML heading elements.

$$6$$

The __________ element groups sentences and sections of text together and creates empty space above and below it.

paragraph

The paragraph element uses the __________ tag.

<p>

A __________ element or 'void tag' causes the next element or text to display on a new line.

Line Break

The tag used for a line break is __________.

<hr>

The __________ element indents a block of text for special emphasis.

blockquote

The __________ tag styles text in a bold font by usage and convention without adding extra importance.

<b>

The __________ tag causes text to be emphasized and usually displays it in italics.

<em>

The __________ tag is used for text that is highlighted to be easily referenced.

<mark>

The __________ tag is used for legal disclaimers and notices, displayed in a small font-size.

<small>

The __________ tag indicates strong importance and usually causes text to be bold.

<strong>

The __________ tag displays a subscript as small text below the baseline.

<sub>

The __________ tag displays a superscript as small text above the baseline.

<sup>

An __________ list displays a bullet or list marker before each entry.

unordered

An __________ list displays a numbering or lettering system to itemize information.

ordered

The __________ tag contains an item in a list.

<li>

The __________ tag contains an unordered list.

<ul>

The __________ tag contains an ordered list.

<ol>

The __________ attribute of the ordered list determines the numbering scheme.

type

A __________ list is useful for terms and descriptions or FAQ and answers.

description

In a description list, the __________ tag contains the term or phrase.

<dt>

In a description list, the __________ tag contains the description of the term.

<dd>

The special character code for the copyright symbol is __________.

&copy;

The special character code for the 'less than' sign (<) is __________.

&lt;

The special character code for the 'greater than' sign (>) is __________.

&gt;

The special character code for an ampersand (&) is __________.

&amp;

The special character code for a non-breaking space is __________.

&nbsp;

The __________ element configures a structural block area or 'division' on a web page.

div

The HTML5 __________ element contains the web page document's headings.

header

The HTML5 __________ element contains the main navigation links.

nav

The HTML5 __________ element contains the web page document’s main content.

main

The HTML5 __________ element contains footer information such as copyright or contact info.

footer

The __________ element is used to specify a hyperlink reference to a file.

anchor

The __________ attribute of the anchor element indicates the file name or URL of the link.

href

An __________ link is a link to a different website.

absolute

A __________ link is a link to pages on your own site.

relative

The __________ scheme is used in the href attribute to create an e-mail hyperlink.

mailto:

Using __________ code leads to more consistent browser display and helps identify syntax errors.

valid

The __________ provides a tool to test a web page document for valid syntax.

W3C

A __________ is a set of rules for exchanging multimedia files on the Web.

HTTP

An IP address corresponds to a __________ that is easier for humans to remember.

domain name

The default numbering scheme for ordered lists is __________.

numerals

The __________ section is where the meta element with the charset is located.

head