F LEA Practice questions

supination

Open kinetic chain ___________ is movement of the foot in the direction of adduction inversion, and plantarflexion.

pronation

Open kinetic chain _________ is movement of the foot in the direction of abduction eversion, and dorsiflexion.

valgus/varus

_______ means that the distal arm of the joint is bent outward or away from the midline of the body while ______ means that the distal arm of the joint is bent inward or toward the midline of the body.

transverse plane

The axis of motion of a joint is parallel to both the sagittal and frontal planes

therefore motion occurs in the _________________.

uniaxial joints

Joints with one fixed axis about which motion takes place: ____________

Contact period

The _________________ of the stance phase of gait ends at full forefoot loading.

Midstance period

The _________________ of the stance phase of gait starts at full forefoot loading and ends at heel lift

Heel strike, full forefoot loading, heel lift, toe off.

What are the steps of the gait cycle for one foot?

Propulsive period

The _________________ starts at heel lift

Medial portion (flexible portion)

_________________ of the foot contains the calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3 with phalanges, and sesamoids

Rigid portion

_________________ contains calcaneus,

cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals with phalanges

navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms

Midfoot contains the _________________

calcaneus and talus

Rearfoot contains the _________________

metatarsals, phalanges, and sesamoids

Forefoot contains the _________________

Chopart’s joint

_________________ is between the rearfoot and the midfoot

Lisfranc’s joint

_________________ is between the forefoot and midfoot

lateral surface of the medial malleolus.

Medial malleolar facet will articulate with the _________________

Lateral malleolar facet

_________________ is a triangular-shaped facet on the lateral surface of the body of the talus which articulates with the medial surface of the lateral malleolus.

Tendon of flexor hallucis longus m

_________________ will divide the medial and lateral tubercles on the posterior surface of the body of the talus.

Steida’s process

An enlarged lateral tubercle is called a _________________

os trigonum

The accessory ossicle posterior to the lateral tubercle is known as _________________

Sulcus tali

The _________________ is on the inferior surface of the neck of the talus

,courses in an anterolateral direction and opens into the sinus tarsi.

Spring ligament.

There is a facet of the inferior surface of the head of the talus for articulation with the _________________

artery of the tarsal canal

The posterior tibial artery gives rise to the _________________ which passes anteriorly between the sheaths of flexor digitorum longus m. and flexor hallucis longus m. to enter the tarsal canal.

Artery of the sinus tarsi

_________________ arises from the dorsalis pedis artery and courses through the tarsal canal with the artery of the tarsal canal.

Posterior talar articular facet on the superior surface of the calcaneus

_________________ will articulate with the posterior facet on the body of the talus

middle facet on the head of the talus

Middle talar articular facet on the superior surface of the calcaneus will articulate with the _________________.

Anterior talar articular facet on the superior surface of the calcaneus

_________________ will articulate with the anterior facet of the head of the talus.

Bohler’s angle

The angle between a line connecting the superior aspect of the posterior facet with the most superior point of the posterior surface and a line connecting the superior aspect of the posterior facet and the most superior point of the anterior surface is know as _________________

Sever’s Disease

Painful inflammation of the growth plate at the posterior aspect of the calcaneus is known as _________________

Medial and lateral processes

What is the calcaneal tuberosity composed of?

Sustentaculum tali

What would you find at the anterosuperior aspect on the medial surface of the calcaneus?

Fibular trochlea and Fibular spine

What are two features of the lateral surface of the calcaneus?

Anterior process

The anterior facet on the superior surface of the calcaneus and the region below it are known as _________________ of the calcaneus.

Transverse groove

The _________________ is located anterior to the tubercle on the inferior surface of the calcaneus.

Fibular groove/sulcus

The _________________ is located anterior to the ridge on the inferior surface of the cuboid.

Tendon of the fibularis longus muscle

What tendon runs through the peroneal sulcus on the plantar surface of the cuboid?

The lateral surface of the 3rd cuneiform and occasionally the lateral surface of the navicular.

What does the medial surface of the cuboid articulate with?

The lateral surface of the cuboid

What is the smallest surface of the cuboid?

Os peroneum

What accessory sesamoid is bound by the tendon of the fibularis longus on the lateral surface of the cuboid?

Head of the talus at the talonavicular portion of midtarsal joint, the three cuneiforms at the cuneonavicular joints, occasionally with the cuboid at a cuboideonavicular joint, on rare occasion with the calcaneus at a calcaneonavicular joint.

What does the navicular articulate with?

tuberosity of the navicular

A groove for the plantar component of the tendon of tibialis posterior separates the inferior surface of the navicular from the

Os tibiale externum

What accessory ossicle is located posterior to the tuberosity of the navicular?

1st cuneiform

Which cuneiform is the largest?

Tendons of tibialis anterior m. and fibularis longus m. at a tuberosity at the anterior aspect and the tendon of the tibilais posterior m. at the tuberosity at the posterior aspect.

What tendons attach to the 1st cuneiform on the inferior surface?

The medial surface

What is the smooth oval impression at anteroinferior aspect for the tendon of tibialis anterior m. on the 1st cuneiform?

2nd cuneiform at the posterior and superior borders and at the anterosuperior aspect for the base of the 2nd metatarsal.

What does the lateral surface of the 1st cuneiform articulate with?

Anterior surface of the 1st cuneiform

Kidney shaped articular surface for the base of the first metatarsal.

2nd cuneiform,

The _________________

has an elongated facet along the posterior border on its lateral surface for the 3rd cuneiform.

3rd cuneiform,

The _________________

on its lateral surface has a larger oval articular facet at the posterosuperior aspect and a smaller articular facet at the anterosuperior aspect.

. 1<4<5<3<2

Order the metatarsals from shortest to longest.

Jones fracture

A patient comes into your podiatric office with pain on the lateral side of their foot. X-ray images of the foot show a small fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal. What type of fracture is this?

1st metatarsal

The plantar surface of the ________________ has two groove facets for the sesamoids.

lesser metatarsal heads

Plantar surface of the ________________ have a longitudinal groove for the tendons of FDL and FDB.

2nd and 3rd metatarsals

Stress fractures are common on which metatarsal(s)?

plantar surface of the base of the 1st metatarsal

The ________________ has an oval tubercle with a depression for the partial attachment of the tendon of fibularis longus m.

For bunion surgeries

Why is the vascular supply to the 1st metatarsal by nutrient and metaphyseal arteries important?

Lateral surface, medial surface

What surface on the base of the 2nd metatarsal has anterior and posterior facets and which surface has an oval articular facet?

For stability

Why is the 2nd metatarsal base wedged firmly into the tarsus?

posterior surface; cuboid

The ________________ of the base of the 4th metatarsal is quadrate-shaped articular surace for the ________________.

styloid process; os vesalianum

The large roughened eminence on the lateral surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal is called the ________________. The accessory ossicle posterior to this is called ________________.

2 axis of motions

What motions does the shape of the posterior surface of the base of the proximal phalanges (along with the shape of the metatarsal heads) allow for at the MPJs?

collateral metatarsophalangeal ligaments

The tubercles on the base of the proximal phalanges allow for the attachment of ________________

collateral interphalangeal ligaments

The tubercles at the head of the proximal phalanges and the base of the middle phalanges allow for the attachment of the ________________

collateral interphalangeal ligaments

The tubercles at the head of the middle phalanges and the base of the distal phalanges allow for the attachment of the ________________

ungual tuberosity

The distal roughened aspect of the plantar surface at the head of the distal phalanges is known as ________________

first metatarsal

The primary center of ossification of the ________________ begins at the 3rd month of fetal development in the shaft.

6 months of age

At ________________

primary ossification for the lateral cuneiform takes place

talus

The primary center of ossification of the ________________ begins at 6th to 7th month of fetal development

calcaneus

Primary center of ossification of the ________________ begins at the 5th to 6th month of fetal development

cuboid

The primary center of ossification of the ________________ takes place at the 9th month of fetal development/shortly after birth

calcaneus, talus, cuboid, 3rd cuneiform, 2nd cuneiform, 1st cuneiform, navicular

What is the order of ossification of the foot?

Sesamoids

________________ are found in tendons and joint capsules and are usually present to reduce the friction of a tendon.

Ossicles

________________ are the result of anomalous development

os tibiale externum

This ossicle is located posterior to the tuberosity of the navicular: ________________

Shepard’s fracture

A fracture at the lateral tubercle at the posterior surface of the talus is known as a ________________

uniaxial joint; triplanar; dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

The ankle is a ________________

but motion around this single axis is ________________ because it is angulated to all three planes. The axis passes through the tips of the malleoli, but movements are primarily ________________

anterior talofibular ligament

The shortest and weakest lateral ankle ligaments is the ________________

posterior talofibular ligament

The strongest and most deeply situated of the lateral ankle ligaments is known as the ________________

posterior talofibular ligament

This attaches to the inferior portion of the malleolar fossa and to the lateral tubercle on the posterior surface of the body of the talus: ________________

calcaneofibular ligament

The ________________ attaches to the anterior border and apex of the lateral malleolus,

and to the fibular spine on the lateral surface of the calcaneus.

anterior talotibial ligament

This ligament attaches to the anterior colliculus and intercollicular groove and the medial surface of the body of the talus: ________________

Tibionavicular ligament

Which ligament will blend with the spring ligament?

posterior talotibial ligament

This ligament attaches to the anterior and posterior colliculus and the medial tubercle on the posterior surface of the body of the talus: ________________

tibionavicular ligament

The ________________ attaches to the anterior colliculus and the dorsomedial aspect of the navicular.

calcaneotibial ligament

The ________________ attaches to the anterior colliculus and the sustentaculum tali

posterior subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid, cuneonavicular, intercuneiform, and cuneocuboid; subtalar and midtarsal.

Within the intertarsal joints,

the anatomical joints are ______________ while the functional joints are ______________.

OKC pronation

Simultaneous movement of the foot in the direction of abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion is ______________

CKC supination

Abduction and dorsiflexion of the talus, calcaneal inversion and external rotation of the tibia is ______________

anterior subtalar articular cavity

This cavity involves the middle and anterior articular areas of the calcaneus and talus and is anatomically included with the talonavicular articulation as the talocalcaneonavicular synovial cavity______________

posterior subtalar articular cavity

This cavity involves only the posterior articular areas of the calcaneus and talus: ______________

Anterior talocalcaneal ligament

______________ attaches to the lateral surface of the neck of the talus and the sinus tarsi of the calcaneus

Posterior talocalcaneal capsular ligament

______________ encloses the posterior talocalcaneal articular surface of the talus and the posterior facet of the calcaneus

Posterior talocalcaneal ligament

______________ attaches to the lateral tubercle on the posterior surface of the body of the talus and the superior surface of the calcaneus

Lateral talocalcaneal

______________ ligament attaches to the lateral process on the lateral surface of the body of the talus and the lateral surface of the calcaneus

Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

______________ attaches to the sulcus tali and the calcaneal sulcus

Medial talocalcaneal ligament

______________ attaches to the medial tubercle on the posterior surface of the body of the talus and the posterior aspect of the sustentaculum tali

Frontal plane

At the longitudinal angle of the midtarsal joint, which plane has the greatest angle of motion?

primarily adduction-abduction and plantarflexion-dorsiflexion while supination and pronation occur

At the oblique angle of the midtarsal joint, what is the primary motion?

Only one ligament is attached to each of them.

The joint between the first cuneiform and first metatarsal base and the joint between the cuboid and the fifth metatarsal base have more motion. Why?