Biology FB - #4

Which hormone regulates circadian rhythm and sleep in humans?

Melatonin

Which gland of the brain secretes melatonin?

Pineal gland

Which blood protein in humans transports iron in the bloodstream?

Transferrin

What iron storage protein is found mainly in the liver and bone marrow?

Ferritin

Which specific part of the human nephron is responsible for reabsorption of glucose?

Proximal convoluted tubule

In which part of the nephron does ultrafiltration first occur?

Glomerulus

Which plant hormone promotes fruit ripening?

Ethylene

Which simple gaseous plant hormone is linked with ripening in fruits?

Ethylene

What is the name of the stage of development between one molt and the next in a cockroach?

Instar

What is the shedding of the exoskeleton in insects called?

Ecdysis

What is the name for a rupture in a red blood cell?

Haemolysis

What pigment is released when red blood cells rupture?

Haemoglobin

What are the specialized organs in which egg cells or sperm are produced called?

Gonads

What are the female gonads called?

Ovaries

What is the name for the process of producing sperm within the seminiferous tubules of the human testes beginning at puberty?

Spermatogenesis

What is the process of producing ova called?

Oogenesis

Biotin is the scientific name for which specific vitamin?

Vitamin B7

Which vitamin is also called ascorbic acid?

Vitamin C

Ergocalciferol is the scientific name for which specific vitamin?

Vitamin D2

Which vitamin is chiefly associated with calcium absorption?

Vitamin D

Which organ regulates blood osmotic pressure in humans?

Kidney

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidney tubules?

ADH

What is the rarest of the eight main blood types in humans?

AB negative

Which blood group is the universal recipient for red blood cells?

AB positive

What is the universal blood donor for red blood cells in humans?

O negative

Which antibodies are present in the plasma of a person with blood group O?

Anti A and Anti B

Which structure in the human kidney filters blood under high pressure?

Glomerulus

What cup shaped structure surrounds the glomerulus?

Bowmans capsule

What is the name for the non living components of an ecosystem?

Abiotic factors

What term refers to the living components of an ecosystem?

Biotic factors

Which protein is responsible for oxygen storage in human muscle cells?

Myoglobin

Which protein carries most oxygen in the blood?

Haemoglobin

Where are red blood cells produced in the human body?

Bone marrow

What hormone stimulates red blood cell production?

Erythropoietin

Which organelle adds mannose 6 phosphate tags for lysosomal targeting?

Golgi apparatus

Which organelle modifies packages and sorts proteins for secretion?

Golgi apparatus

What is the name for the fluid portion of cytoplasm?

Cytosol

In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place?

Cytosol

Which organelles generate most of a cells supply of adenosine triphosphate?

Mitochondria

What process mainly occurs in mitochondria?

Aerobic respiration

Which part of the human brain regulates thirst and hunger?

Hypothalamus

Which part of the brain mainly controls balance and coordination?

Cerebellum

What is the name for the process of cellular reproduction in which a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells?

Mitosis

What type of cell division produces gametes?

Meiosis

Which process converts glucose into pyruvate?

Glycolysis

What is the overall process by which cells release energy from glucose called?

Cellular respiration

What process moves sugars in the phloem of a plant?

Translocation

Which plant tissue mainly transports water and mineral salts?

Xylem

Which cell organelles generate ATP for use in eukaryotic cells through aerobic respiration?

Mitochondria

ATP stands for what?

Adenosine triphosphate

Which plant hormone promotes cell elongation?

Auxin

Which plant response is strongly controlled by auxin distribution?

Phototropism

What is the name for a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes?

Diploid

What is the term for a cell with one complete set of chromosomes?

Haploid

Which type of enzyme inhibition can be overcome by increasing the concentration?

Competitive inhibition

In competitive inhibition the inhibitor competes with the substrate for what part of the enzyme?

Active site

What is the name of the specialized protein in cell membranes which allows the rapid passage of water while blocking other substances?

Aquaporin

Aquaporins mainly transport which molecule?

Water

Name the metabolic process in animals in which glucose is synthesized from non carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids?

Gluconeogenesis

In humans gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in which organ?

Liver

In plant cells which organelles contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts

What green pigment in chloroplasts absorbs light energy?

Chlorophyll

The most recent biological classification places dolphins in which specific order?

Artiodactyla

Dolphins are more closely related to which even toed ungulate group?

Hippopotamuses

Which hormone decreases blood sugar in humans?

Insulin

Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?

Beta cells

To which order in the animal kingdom do kangaroos belong?

Diprotodontia

Kangaroos belong to which subclass of mammals?

Marsupials

In nucleic acids what specific type of bonds links adjacent nucleotides together to form the sugar phosphate backbone?

Phosphodiester bonds

The complementary bases across the two DNA strands are held together by what type of bond?

Hydrogen bonds

What is the 9 letter name starting with D for an intercellular junction in animal tissues which anchor adjacent cells together to provide mechanical strength?

Desmosome

Desmosomes are especially important in tissues under stress such as skin and what organ?

Heart