Chapter 32 - Endocrine System

Steroids

slow-acting, long-lasting, -rone

Peptides and amines

made of proteins, fasting acting, short-lived, insulin and ADH

Releasing factors

act on the pituitary gland to stimulate or inhibit secretion of pituitary hormones

Tropic hormones

target other endocrine glands and are important to chemical coordination

Somatotropin

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, growth hormone

Acromegaly

Overproduction of GH in adults, unusually sized body parts

Pituitary gigantism

Excessive GH in childhood, usually caused by a tumor in pituitary gland

Acromegaly/PG Treatments

Lanreotide (Somatouline Depot), Octreotide (Sandostatin), Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

Corticosteroid

steroidal hormones produced in adrenal cortex

Glucocorticoids function

regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins

Glucocorticoids

Aristocort/Kenalog (triamcirolone), Celestone (betamethasone)

Mineralocorticoids function

regulate the electrolyte balance of the body

Mineralcorticoids

Florinef (Fludorcortisone)

Hormone-secreting glands

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and gonads

Replacement female hormone types

animal, plant, lab modified sources

Natural Estrogen Replacements

Premarin or conjugated animal estrogen

Plant based estrogen replacements

Estrace, Estra- prefix

Lab based estrogen replacements

Cenestin

Testosterone replacements

Andro- prefix, Delatestryl

Pituitary dwarfism treatment

GH replacement therapy

T2 Diabetes Mellitus

Biguanides, metformin (glucophage), SGLT2 inhibitors, canaglifolzin (Invokana), -glifolzin

Diabetes insipidus treatment

Chloropropamide (Diabinese), Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

responsible for blood sugar regulation blood sugar levels.

Anabolic steroids

mimics the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

Gonadotropin

a protein hormone necessary for spermatogenesis.

Cushing syndrome, Hypercortisolism

High cortisol levels over long period of time, treated with glucocorticoids

Cushing syndrome treatments

aminoglutethimide (Cytadren), mitotane (Lysodren)

Addison's disease, Hypocortolism

Lack of ACTH due to desruction of adrenal cortex

Addison’s Disease Treatments

Fludrocortisone (Florinef), Hydrocortisone (Cortef)

Cretinism

Lack of fetal or childhood thyroid hormone secretion or lack of iodine in mother’s diet

Hypothyroidism (Cretinism and Myxedema) Treatments

Liothymonine sodium (Cytomel), Liotrix (Thyrolar)

Myxedema

Deficiency of TH caused by lack of TSH or TRH

Grave's disease

After disease is controlled, surgery or radiation are avaiable

Hyperthyroidism Causes

Grave’s disease, Goiter, post-partum Thyroiditis

Hyperthyroidism Treatments

Methimazole (Tapazole), Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Hyperparathyroidism

Caused by high PTH levels, inducing higher Ca levels

Hyperparathyroidism Treatments

Removing tumors/glands, lower Ca levels

Osteoporosis Treatments

Aledronate (Fosamax), ibandronate (Boniva)