Nursing Foundations and Practice Flashcards

These practice flashcards cover the scope of nursing as a profession, ethical principles, hygiene, legal implications, patient safety, and the physiology of vital signs as discussed in Week 1.

What are the five stages of nursing proficiency according to Benner?

Novice, Advanced beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert

Which health advocacy group is specifically named alongside the 'Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action'?

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF)

How did Florence Nightingale contribute to the origins of the nursing profession?

She established the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration, organized the first training program, served as the first practicing epidemiologist, and improved battlefield hospital sanitation.

What was the significance of Mary Adelaide Nutting in 1906?

She was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities.

What was the first organization to be Magnet-designated in 1994?

University of Washington Medical Center

Define the ethical principle of 'Autonomy'.

A commitment to include patients in decisions.

What is the difference between 'Beneficence' and 'Nonmaleficence'?

Beneficence is taking positive actions to help others, while nonmaleficence is the avoidance of harm or hurt.

In ethics, what is 'Casuistry'?

Case-based reasoning.

What are the seven steps to processing an ethical dilemma?

1: Ask if this is an ethical dilemma, 2: Gather all relevant information, 3: Clarify values, 4: Verbalize the problem, 5: Identify possible courses of action, 6: Negotiate the outcome, 7: Evaluate the action.

What is the function of the 'Dermis' layer of the skin?

It contains bundles of collagen, nerve fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles.

Define the hygiene-related terms 'Xerostomia' and 'Gingivitis'.

Xerostomia is dry mouth and Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums.

What are the six sources of law mentioned regarding the legal limits of nursing?

Statutory law (Nurse Practice Act), Criminal law (felonies and misdemeanors), Civil law, Regulatory law (administrative law), and Common law (judicial decisions).

What does a nurse's signature as a witness to an informed consent form imply?

That the patient voluntarily gave consent, the signature is authentic, and the patient appears to be competent.

Distinguish between 'Slander' and 'Libel'.

Slander is the oral defamation of character, while Libel is written defamation of character.

What are the three basic human needs listed under scientific knowledge base for environmental safety?

Oxygen, Nutrition, and Temperature.

What is the physiological formula for body temperature?

$$Heat\,produced - Heat\,lost = Body\,temperature$$

Where do the electrical impulses that stimulate cardiac contraction originate?

The SA node.

What three processes are involved in respiration?

Ventilation, Diffusion, and Perfusion.

According to the notes, what are the five factors that influence arterial blood pressure?

Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume, viscosity, and elasticity.

What is the 'Golden Rule' for hygiene and skin care regarding the direction of cleaning?

Move from the cleanest to less clean areas.