2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Periodontium

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from Chapter 2 of the lecture notes, focusing on the microscopic anatomy of the periodontium, specifically histology, various tissues, epithelial and connective tissue structures, and their functions.

What is histology?

The study of microscopic features of tissues.

What defines a tissue?

A group of interconnected cells that perform similar functions.

What are the four basic types of tissue?

Epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle.

What is the extracellular matrix?

A mesh-like network surrounding cells that supports them within tissue.

What are keratinized epithelial cells?

Epithelial cells that have no nuclei and form a tough, resistant layer on skin.

What is the significance of the junctional epithelium?

It forms the base of the sulcus, attaching the gingiva to the tooth.

What is the function of desmosomes?

To create cell-to-cell connections in epithelial tissues.

What are the main components of the junctional epithelium?

Closely packed epithelial cells, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and sparse extracellular matrix.

What is the role of the periodontal ligament?

To anchor the tooth to the socket and separate it from the socket wall.

What are the components of mature cementum?

A densely packed collagen fiber organic portion and a mineralized portion made of hydroxyapatite crystals.

What types of cementum are there?

Intermediate, acellular (primary), and cellular (secondary).

What does the alveolar bone do?

It forms and supports the sockets of the maxilla and mandible.

What types of cells are found in alveolar bone?

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

What does the term 'gingival stippling' refer to?

The presence of rete pegs in periodontally healthy individuals that correlates with tissue morphology.

What are the main functions of the epithelial-connective tissue interface?

Enhances adhesion of epithelium to connective tissue, allows skin to resist mechanical forces, and provides nourishment.