Psychopathology Models

first two

generalized biological diathesis and generalized psychological diathesis

why generalized

high comorbidity with other disorders

bipolar 1

negative life events, sleep/schedule disturbance, specific bio vulnerability, goal dysregulation, hypomania, mania, bipolar 1

bipolar 2

negative life events, sleep/schedule disturbance, specific bio vulnerability, goal dysregulation, hypomania, cyclothymia, bipolar 2; arrows from neg life events/sleep/schedule disturbance to major depressive episode then cyclothymia

specific biological diathesis for bipolar

neurotransmitter dysregulation and hypersensative dopamine receptors are specific to manic symptoms

panic disorder

stress, false alarm, interoceptive cues (physiological symptoms), learned alarm (normalization as an off ramp), specific psychological diathesis, anxious apprehension (looking for more sensations), pd

specific psychological diathesis for panic disorder

belief that unexplained physical sensations are dangerous

ocd

stress, intrusive thoughts/urges/images, specific psychological diathesis, anxious apprehension, cognitive/behavioral ritual to suppress/neutralize, ocd

specific psychological diathesis for ocd

thoughts are dangerous; thought-action fusion

ptsd

direct experience, intense basic emotion, learned alarm, anxious apprehension, moderated by coping response and social support, ptsd

ptsd moderators

avoidant coping means trauma isn’t processed by talking with others; validation both emotionally and tangibly by social support

schizophrenia

stress, poor coping skills, specific bio, prodromal period, moderated by intervention and environment, schizophrenia; double arrow from stress to substance use and schizophrenia

schizophrenia poor coping skills

obtain social support and manage negative emotions/distorted thinking; shown to mediate effect of stress per green book

schizophrenia prodromal period

impaired cognition, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and impaired daily functioning; everyone develops them in different sequences and not everyone shares the same symptoms

schizophrenia moderators

early intervention has been shown to increase rates of recovery and better long-term outcomes; environment meaning culture and socioeconomic status play a large role on long-term outcomes

specific biological diathesis for schizophrenia

only 1% of the population develops schizophrenia and risk for development is higher when family members have the disorder

substance use disorder

initial exposure, reinforcing experience, use, specific bio diathesis, deficits in executive functioning, moderated by environment, abuse, substance use disorder; double arrow between reinforcing and use

specific biological diathesis for substance abuse

heritability is nearly 50%; not everyone exposed to a substance abuses it

alcohol use disorder

alcohol expectancy, moderated by social modeling, use, reinforcement, environment, specific bio diathesis, abuse, alcohol use disorder; double arrow between use/reinforcement/environment