Chapter 6 Bio20

Cartilage

Resilient connective tissue made mostly of water that provides flexible support and returns to original shape

Perichondrium

Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding cartilage; functions in growth, repair, and resisting pressure

Chondroblasts

Immature cells that produce cartilage matrix

Chondrocytes

Mature cartilage cells located in lacunae that maintain cartilage

Hyaline cartilage

Most abundant cartilage with collagen fibers; provides flexible support; found in nose, trachea, articular surfaces

Elastic cartilage

Cartilage with elastic fibers allowing repeated bending; found in ear and epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

Strong cartilage resisting compression and tension; found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

Appositional growth

Cartilage growth from the outside via chondroblasts in perichondrium

Interstitial growth

Cartilage growth from within via dividing chondrocytes

Bone functions

Support movement protection mineral storage blood cell formation hormone production

Organic bone matrix

35 percent of bone providing flexibility and tensile strength

Inorganic bone matrix

65 percent of bone providing hardness and resistance to compression

Osteoprogenitor cells

Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

Osteoblasts

Bone forming cells that secrete osteoid

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain matrix

Osteoclasts

Bone resorbing cells that break down bone using acids and enzymes

Compact bone

Dense outer layer providing strength

Spongy bone

Internal lattice of trabeculae filled with marrow

Diaphysis

Shaft of a long bone

Epiphysis

Ends of a long bone

Medullary cavity

Hollow cavity containing yellow marrow

Periosteum

Outer membrane covering bone with blood vessels and nerves

Osteon

Structural unit of compact bone with concentric rings

Trabeculae

Beam like structures in spongy bone