PSYCH Test Dev.

Lester is approaching age 50. He can anticipate an accumulation of fat in which areas of his body?

Back and upper abdomen

\__________ declines very gradually in the forties and fifties.

Muscle mass

Malcolm is a 45-year-old man and Flora is a 45-year-old woman. Which statement is the most likely to be true?

Flora is experiencing a more rapid age-related decline in muscle mass than Malcolm.

Which statement is true about the aging skeleton?

Bones become more porous with age.

Which statement is true about loss of bone strength in middle adulthood?

Loss of bone strength causes the disks of the spinal column to collapse.

Jeanine is 49. According to her doctor, she has reached the midlife transition in which fertility declines. Jeanine has reached \__________.

the climacteric

Women who \__________ tend to reach menopause earlier.

have not borne children

The changes involved in women's fertility decline occur gradually over a 10-year period, during which \__________.

the production of estrogen drops and menstrual cycles become irregular

Which statement is true about menopause?

Research finds no links between menopause and changes in quantity or quality of sleep.

Hormone therapy \__________.

reduces the physical discomforts of menopause

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) \__________.

is for women who have had hysterectomies

Women age 65 and older taking HRT \__________.

have an elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease

Talia, who has not had a hysterectomy, has a family history of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. To help alleviate her hot flashes, Talia should consider \__________.

gabapentin, a migraine-headache medication

Tony, age 77, married Nichole, age 24. They are not using birth control because of Tony's advanced age. You can advise them that \__________.

Tony produces less semen and sperm, but he can probably still father children

The inability to attain an erection when desired \__________.

becomes more common in midlife

Which statement is true about sexuality in middle adulthood?

The best predictor of sexual frequency in midlife is relationship satisfaction.

Thomas, age 45, has been married for 20 years. When asked about his sex life, Thomas will probably say that sex is \__________ than it was in his early married life.

less intense

The leading causes of death in middle age are \__________ and \__________.

cancer; cardiovascular disease

Which statement is true about sex differences in heart attack symptoms and treatments?

Rather than chest pain, many women experience extreme fatigue and symptoms often mistaken for a panic attack.

Shavonda fell and fractured her hip, and has since been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Shavonda's doctor will probably recommend \__________.

weight-bearing exercise

\__________ is associated with high blood pressure and heart disease.

Ruminating about past anger-provoking events

Teaching people to be \__________ rather than hostile and to \__________ rather than explode interrupts the intense physiological response that intervenes between psychological stress and illness.

assertive; negotiate

Trends in both crystallized and fluid mental abilities reported from the Seattle Longitudinal Study indicate that middle-aged adults \__________.

are intellectually "in their prime," not "over the hill"

Longitudinal research shows that from the twenties on, \__________ decreases steadily.

perceptual speed

Some theorists believe that a general slowing of \__________ underlies nearly all age-related declines in cognitive performance.

central nervous system functioning

Jennifer, age 45, is a Girl Scout leader. She really enjoys giving to and guiding the next generation. According to Erikson, Jennifer has developed a sense of \__________.

generativity

Childless middle-aged adults \__________.

become generative as mentors in the workplace, community volunteers, or in family relationships

The negative outcome of Erikson's midlife stage, stagnation, focuses on \__________.

self-indulgence

Which statement about generativity and stagnation is true?

Among well-educated women, those with children express greater generative concerns.

Narratives of highly generative people \__________.

usually contain commitment stories

According to Vaillant, \__________ is a major preoccupation of midlife.

"passing the torch"

For the most-successful and best-adjusted, Vaillant regarded the fifties and sixties as a \__________.

calmer, quieter time of life

Which statement is true about research regarding the midlife crisis?

Vaillant saw examples of a slow and steady change, rather than a crisis.

A wealth of earlier studies reported \__________ in midlife.

increased androgyny in men and women

In recently gathered self-reports, \__________.

men's and women's endorsement of "masculine" and "feminine" traits showed little change throughout adulthood

In longitudinal research, \__________ gained most in dominance, assertiveness, and outspokenness by their early fifties.

women who attained high status in their careers

In adulthood, \__________ is associated with cognitive flexibility, creativity, advanced moral reasoning, and psychosocial maturity.

androgyny

Nora is imaginative, creative, original, curious, and liberal. She is high in which "big five" personality trait?

openness to experience

Gregor, age 17, is high in conscientiousness. Gregor \__________.

can anticipate that this trait will increase through middle age

Neuroticism \__________ from adolescence through middle age.

declines

Which statement is true about the "big five" personality traits?

Individual differences in the "big five" traits are large and highly stable.

\__________ have become the majority of the adult population living in poverty, regardless of age and ethnic group.

Women who support themselves or their families

After all five of her children struck out on their own, Naomi made sure everyone stayed in touch by creating a family blog. She also took charge of gathering the family for celebrations. Naomi is her family's \__________.

kinkeeper

Preston and Mei are about to become grandparents for the first time. They believe that grandparenthood is highly important because they will leave behind not just one but two generations after death. Which gratification of grandparenthood is probably most important to them?

immortality through descendants

A person who lists being a valued older adult as a gratification of grandparenthood especially values \__________.

being perceived as a wise, helpful person

Neil and Mark cannot wait to spoil their granddaughter. They love the idea of having fun with her all day and then sending her home with their son when she gets tired and cranky. Which gratification of grandparenthood is probably most important to them?

indulgence

Which statement is true about grandparents who take full responsibility for raising their grandchildren?

They often experience considerable emotional and financial strain.

Cindy, age 48, cares for her two teenage sons and her ailing mother-in-law. Along with her mother, she is also one of a handful of caregivers for her elderly grandmother. Cindy belongs to the \__________ generation.

sandwhich

Which individual likely provides the most direct care and financial support to aging parents?

Veronica, a middle-income African-American woman

The greatest source of stress for middle-aged adults who share a household with an aging parent is \__________.

problem behavior

According to Erikson, the final psychological conflict, \__________, involves coming to terms with one's life.

ego integrity versus despair

According to Erikson, \__________ occurs when aging adults feel they have made many wrong decisions, yet time is too short to find an alternate route to integrity.

despair

While 80-year-old Naomi's contemporaries have died, she faces the reality of death constructively through efforts to make life more secure, meaningful, and gratifying for younger generations. According to Peck, Naomi has attained \__________.

ego transcendence

Erikson's widow, Joan Erikson, suggested an additional stage of psychosocial development called \__________.

gerotranscendence

As he approached his ninetieth year, Franco spent more time in quiet reflection. He had a heightened inner calm and contentment. According to Joan Erikson, Franco had reached \__________.

gerotranscendence

Emme selectively attends to and better recalls emotionally positive over negative information. Emme has the ability to maximize positive emotion and dampen negative emotion. This ability is known as \__________.

the positivity effect

Tessa tells stories about people and events from her past and shares associated thoughts and feelings. Tessa engages in \__________.

reminiscence

The late-life increase in religiosity is \__________.

usually modest

Which statement is true about sex differences in religious involvement and spirituality in late adulthood?

Women are more likely than men to engage in religious activities.

Charise, age 74, is involved in organized religion. Longitudinal research suggests that Charise will \__________ than her agemates who do not participate in organized or informal religion.

live longer

Among the strongest risk factors for late-life depression is \__________.

chronic disease

\__________ increases the odds of living longer.

Availability of social support

\__________ predicts psychological well-being in old age.

Quality of relationships

Which statement is true about marriage in late adulthood?

As in early and middle adulthood, paths of late-life marital satisfaction are diverse.

When marital dissatisfaction exists in later life, \__________.

it often takes a greater toll on women than on men

David's wife, Esther, recently died. If David is like most recently widowed older adults, his greatest problem is most likely \__________.

profound loneliness

Which statement is true about widowhood?

Ethnic minorities with high rates of poverty and chronic disease are more likely to be widowed.

Which older adult is more likely to show physical and mental health problems following the death of a spouse?

Albert, whose wife's death was unexpected

Figures underestimate the actual incidence of elder abuse because \__________.

most abusive acts take place in private, and victims are often unable or unwilling to complain

\__________ are the most frequently reported types of elder abuse.

Financial abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect

Which statement is true about the risk factors of elder maltreatment?

Many perpetrators of abuse are dependent, emotionally or financially, on their victims.

Today, retirement \__________.

is not a single event but rather a dynamic process with multiple transitions

Contemporary older people view retirement as \__________.

a time of opportunity and personal growth

Which statement is true about retirement satisfaction?

Retirement can enhance marital satisfaction by granting husband and wife more time for companionship.

\__________ aging reflects the reality that aging well involves not only achievement of desirable outcomes but also effective coping with life's challenges and losses.

Optimal

Which statement is true about enhancing children's understanding of the death concept?

Discussing death candidly with children reduces their anxiety about it.

One way to foster an accurate appreciation of death is to \__________.

teach young children about human biology

Adults can help teenagers build a bridge between death as a logical concept and their personal experiences by \__________.

encouraging them to discuss their concerns about death

Walter states that the thought of never feeling anything again after he dies upsets him. He is also frightened by the total isolation of death. Walter is experiencing \__________.

death anxiety

Which individual will likely experience the lowest level of death anxiety?

Houston, who has a participatory perspective of death and dying

Mrs. Booker has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. According to Kübler-Ross, Mrs. Booker's consultation of multiple specialists after her initial diagnosis is consistent with which of the five typical responses to the prospect of death?

denial

Mr. Frankel is dying. According to Kübler-Ross, Mr. Frankel's recognition that time is short and that he will not have a chance to do all he wants to do may promote which of the five typical responses to the prospect of death?

anger

In which of Kübler-Ross's typical responses to dying would the person ask family members, friends, or God for extra time?

bargaining

Ernestine is despondent about the impending loss of her life. She is experiencing which of Kübler-Ross's typical responses to the prospect of death?

acceptance

depression

According to Kübler-Ross, the weakened patient who reaches a state of peace \__________.

usually does so in the last few days before death

Most terminally ill people who reach Kübler-Ross's acceptance stage \__________.

disengage from all but a few family members

The five reactions Kübler-Ross observed are best viewed as \__________.

coping strategies that anyone may call on in the face of threat

Dying patients who \__________ are more anxious about impending death.

feel they have much unfinished business to attend to

When their mother was diagnosed with terminal cancer, the Johnson family chose to care for her at home using a comprehensive program of support services that provided an interdisciplinary care team. The team emphasized quality of life with palliative care. The Johnson family chose the \__________ approach.

hospice

Which statement is true about hospice care?

Follow-up bereavement services are typically offered to families in the year after a death.

Reggie is a 74-year-old U.S. hospice patient. Reggie will most likely die in \__________.

his own home or a homelike setting

When Gilbert and Jodi reached retirement age, they each wrote statements of desired medical treatment should they become incurably ill. These documents \__________.

are advance medical directives

In a living will, \__________.

people specify the treatments they do or do not want in case of a terminal illness, coma, or other near-death situation

Warner signed a document stating, "I hereby appoint my brother, Thaddeus, as my attorney-in-fact to act for me and in my name to make any and all decisions for me concerning my personal care, medical treatment, and hospitalization." This document is \__________.

a durable power of attorney for health care

\__________ is/are criminal in all U.S. states.

Voluntary euthanasia

People respond to \__________ with \__________.

bereavement; grief

Which statement is true about the grief process?

People vary greatly in emotional reactions, behavior, and timing.

The typical response to the loss of a loved one is \__________.

resilience

After grievers accept the reality of the loss, they \__________.

must work through the pain of grief