AP BIO KC #3

Nasopharynx- upper throat; behind the nasal cavity

RESPIRITORY Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air.Carries air from the nasal cavity to the larynx/glottis.

Glottis-opening at the top of the larynx

RESPIRITORY Acts as a valve; covered by the epiglottis to prevent choking. Carries air from the pharynx to the trachea

larynx- the voice box/the top of the trachea

RESPIRITORY Houses vocal cords; maintains an open airway.Carries air from the glottis and passes it to the trachea.

Trachea-ventral to the esophagus/windpipe

RESPIRITORYCartilage rings keep airways open to ensure continuous gas exchange.Carries air from the larynx to the bronchi.

Bronchi-branching off the trachea into the lungs

RESPIRITORY Distributes air throughout the lungs for oxygenation.Carries air from the trachea to the bronchioles/lungs and alveoli.

Pulmonary Circuit- vessels leading to and from the lungs

CIRCULATORY (OXY +DEOXY) Drives gas exchange CO2 loading, CO2 unloading to regulate blood pH.Carries deox. blood from the right ventricle to the lungs (and ox. blood back to the left atrium).

systemic circuit- vessels leading to and from the body tissues

CIRCULATORY (OXY+DEOXY) Delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to tissues; removes wastes.Carries ox. blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues (and deox. blood back to the right atrium).

Pericardium-membranious sac surrounding the heart

CIRCULATORYProtects the heart; anchors it in place; reduces friction with lubricating fluid. Carries lubricating fluid from the pericardial membrane to the pericardial cavity.

Right atruim-the upper right section of the heart

CIRCULATORY(DEOXY)Collects returning low-oxygen blood from the body.Carries deox. blood from the vena cavae to the right ventricle.

Left atrium-the upper left chamber of the heart

CIRCULATORY(OXY)Collects oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs.Carries ox. blood from the pulmonary veins to the left ventricle.

right ventricle-lower right chamber of the heart

CIRCULATORY(DEOXY)Generates blood pressure to pump blood to the lungs.Carries deox. blood from the right atrium to the pulmonary trunk/lungs

left ventricle- lower left chamber of the heart

CIRCULATORY(OXY)Generates high pressure to pump blood to the entire systemic body.Carries ox. blood from the left atrium to the aortic arch/body.

Superior Vena Cava-Enters top of right atrium

CIRCULATORY(DEOXY)Returns oxygen-depleted blood from the upper body to the heart.Carries deox. blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

Inferior Vena Cava-Enters bottom of right atrium

CIRCULATORY(DEOXY)Returns oxygen-depleted blood from the lower body to the heart.Carries deox. blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

Pulmonary Trunk-Emerges from the right ventricle

CIRCULATORY(DEOXY)Channels low-oxygen blood out of the heart toward the respiratory system.Carries deox. blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries.

Pulmonary arteries-Between pulmonary trunk and lungs

CIRCULATORY(DEOXY)Transports low-oxygen blood directly into the lungs for gas exchange Carries deox. blood from the pulmonary trunk to the lungs.

Pulmonary veins-Between lungs and left atrium

CIRCULATORY(OXY)Transports freshly oxygenated blood back to the heart for systemic use.Carries ox. blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Coronary vessels-Surface of the heart muscle

CIRCULATORY(BOTH)Supplies the myocardium (heart muscle) with oxygen and nutrients.Carries blood from the base of aorta/myocardium to the myocardium/right atrium.

aortic arch-Loops over the top of the heart

CIRCULATORY(OXY)Channels high-pressure, oxygen-rich blood out to the body. Carries ox. blood from the left ventricle to the brachiocephalic/dorsal aorta.

ductus arteriosus-Fetal shunt between pulmonary trunk & aorta

CIRCULATORY (Fetal); Mixed/Deox.)Shunts blood away from non-functional fetal lungs directly into systemic circulation.Carries mixed/deox. blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta.

dorsal aorta-Runs along the dorsal midline of abdomen

CIRCULATORY(OXY(Fetal: Mixed))Supplies oxygenated blood to abdominal organs, trunk, and lower limbs.Carries ox./mixed blood from the aortic arch to the lower body organs.

umbillecal arteries-Branch from internal iliacs to placenta

FETAL CIRCULATORY (MIXED)Delivers fetal waste and low-oxygen blood to the placenta for purification.Carries waste/deox. blood from the fetus (iliac arteries) to the placenta.

umbellical veins-From placenta to fetal liver/vena cava

FETAL CIRCULATORY (OXY)Brings highly oxygenated, nutrient-rich maternal blood into fetal circulation.Carries nutrient/ox. blood from the placenta to the fetus (inferior vena cava)

Valve/Mitral Valve-Between left atrium and left ventricle

CIRCULATORY(OXY)Prevents backflow of blood, maintaining one-way forward blood pressure.Carries ox. blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.