RADPath 7

What is Renal agenesis

one kidney develops

What is Supernumerary kidney

3rd, small rudimentary kidney

What is Hypoplasia

small kidney at birth

What is Atrophic Kidney

Kidney decreased in size due to inflammatory changes or vascular malnourishment

What is Compensatory Hypertrophy

One kidney grows larger when forced to perform function of two kidneys

What is Ecoptic

misplaced kidney (intrathoracic kidney)

What is Horseshoe kidney

Kidneys are joined at lower poles by band of normal parenchyma

What is Duplication

Double collecting system and/or two ureters

What is Ureterocele

Cystic dilation of distal ureter near bladder

Urterocele may cause obstruction leading to

UTI, Megaloureter, Hydronephrosis, Renal failure

What is Acute Glomerulonephritis

inflammation of glomeruli

What happens in Acute Glomerulonephritis

Antibodies attack glomeruli rather than bacteria

What is Acute Pyelonephritis

Bacterial infection of renal pelvis and calyces

What is the most common renal disease

Acute Pyelonephritis

What is Chronic Atrophic Pyelonephritis

Recurrent or persistent pyelonephritis

What is Renal Artery Stenosis

Narrowing of renal artery causes renin to be released

____ causes ______ and _______ in Renal Artery Stenosis

Renin; vasoconstriction & hypertension

Where do renal calculi form

calyces or renal pelvis

Common sites of renal calculi

Ureteropelvic junction, Brim of true pelvis, Ureterovesical junction

Causes of renal calcili

Metabolic diseases accelerating stone formation, urinary stasis/infection, changing pH of urine, excessive intake of calcium

What are the most common of calculi (50-70%)

calcium

complications of renal calculi

renal colic & obstruction of urinary tract

How to diagnose renal calculi

abdomen, IVP, retrograff pyelogram, CT stone study, US

Treatment for renal calculi

wait, ESWL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Ureteroscopic basket removal, Laser Lithotripsy, Surgical Nephrolithectomy

What is cystitis

Inflammation of urinary bladder

Etiology of cystitis

bacteria from feces, HAI infection, sexually transmitted, stasis of urine

What is the most common bacterial infection

UTI

What is bladder diverticulum

outpouching of bladder wall

What is a renal cyst

Benign, fluid filled sac within kidney

What is polycystic kidney disease

Inherited congenital disorder of kidney d/t gene mutation

Most common malignant kidney tumor

Renal Adenocarcinoma

What is Wilm's tumor

Malignant kidney tumor of children under 5 yrs old

Common symptom of bladder carcinoma

hematuria

What is benign prostatic hypertrophy

harmless enlargement of prostate gland

How to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy

transurethral resection (TURP)