Treatment Outcomes and Issues

what is the purpose of screening

to determine if the client and therapist are a good match

what are the MOST important screening factors

insurance, age, and reason/goals for therapy

why is insurance a critical issue

not all therapists are covered —> clients avoid paying out of pocket

what is a panel provider

a therapist approved by insurance

what is ROI

release of information

permission to share info for coordinated care

what happens in the first appointment

consent, background info, screening measures, and initial diagnosis

why is diagnosis established early

insurance requires it for coverage

what are common screening tools

PHQ-9 (depression) and GAD-7 (anxiety)

when are clients most likely to drop out

after the first or second session

why might therapy be terminated

nonpayment, lack of progress, mismatch, incompetence

who started systematic psychotherapy research

Carl Rogers

what did Hans Eysenck claim in 1952

psychotherapy does not work (to provoke research)

meta-analysis

combining multiple studies to find overall effects

what did meta-analysis conclude

psychotherapy is effective

what is spontaneous recovery

natural improvement without treatment

what is nocebo effect

negative experiences worsen symptoms

what determines treatment outcome

technique + natural recovery + placebo

difference between efficacy vs. effectiveness

efficacy = controlled settings

effectiveness = real world

internal vs. external validity

internal = accuracy of study

external = real world applicability

what is statistical significance

mathematical change

clinical significance

real life meaningful change

what are some ways to measure outcomes

comparative methods, change scores, subjective reports, social impact