URBAN MODELS + THEORIES CHART

AP Human Geography

What is this model?

Sector Model / Homer Hoyt

• 1939

• explains + predicts land use based on bid rent

• socioeconomic groups clustered in linear section usually along transportation corridor

• Pre-WW2 industrial cities

• created opposition to the concentratic zone model

What is this model?

Urban Realms Model / James Vance

• 1970’s

• explains and predicts changing urban growth patterns as automobiles become increasingly prevalent Post-WW2

• Suburbs were tied to a mixed use suburban downtown or mini CBD

• leads to the emergence of edge cities

What is this model?

Concentric Zone Model / Ernest Burgess

• 1920’s

• predicts and explains urban growth pattern

• as cities grow and expands, new rings are added and old ones change character

What is this model?

Central Place Theory / Walter Christaller

• 1930s’s

• explains and predicts patterns of urban growth

• no place is unserved

• small place = less service

• large place = more service

What is this model?

Latin American City Model / Fort + Griffin

• contains elements of latin american cultures + imprints of colonization and globalization with plaza and heavy growth

• residential quality devreases with distance from CBD

• Mexico City

What is this model?

Sub-Saharan African City Model / Harm De Blij

• 1977

• 3 CBD (Colonial, Traditional, and market)

• Mining and industry on outskirts of city - townships close to and where they work

• ethnic neighborhoods — reflect tribes identities

• The Biggest cities in africa were set up by europeans

What is this model?

South East Asian City Model / T.G. McGee

• 1967

• no clear cbd

• usually the center is an old colonial port

• uneven growth

What is this model?

Multiple-Nuclei Model / Harris + Ullman

• 1940’s

• growth occurs independently around several major nodes, away from CBD

• CBD loses its dominance and no long the nucleus, the emergence of the nuclei

• some zones aren’t connected to CBD and do not necessarily rely on each other

What is this model?

Bid Rent Theory / N/A

• explains the series of concentri rings of land use

• different land users will compete with one another for land close to city center

What is this model?

Peripheral Model / Chauncey Harris

• aka Galactic City Model

• 1960’s

• modification of the multiple-nuclei model

• an urban area with an inner city surrounded byy large suburban residential and service nodes or nuclei tied together.

• Contains edge cities

What is this model?

Islamic City Model

• typically islamic cities arose is places with warm climates and fairly little rainfall so they lend to be painted white to reflect sunlight

• they are also typically contain vibrant open-air markets, picturesque mosques int he center, courtyards, surrounded by walls limiting foot traffic it residential, neighborhoods

What is this model?

Western european city model

• a histroic center with relatively little change over the years.

• Growht extending from the cities with industrial centers on the periphery

• they often have center cores with public squares and most people live in/around these cores