Chem Study Guide- Solutions

What is the definition of molarity?

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

What happens to pH when an acid is added to water?

The pH decreases, becoming more acidic due to the increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

A solution with pH = 3 is

considered acidic.

Whats a solution?

A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances, typically consisting of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

What does the word solute mean?

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.

What does the word solvent mean?

A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.

Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 2.0 moles of NaCl in 1.0 L of solution.

The molarity of a solution is calculated as the number of moles of solute divided by the volume of solution in liters. The molarity is 2.0 M.

If you dilute a solution, what happens to its concentration?

The concentration decreases, as the amount of solute remains the same while the volume of solvent increases.

Calculate the number of moles in 0.5 L of a 3.0 M solution.

To find the number of moles, multiply the volume of the solution in liters by the molarity. Therefore, the number of moles is 1.5 moles.

Why is water considered neutral?

it contains an equal concentration of positively charged hydrogen ions

What happens to pH when a base is added?

The pH increases because the addition of a base reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.

What are examples of acids?

Fruits, vinegar, soda, lemon juice, etc.

What are examples of bases?

Soap, baking soda, borax, etc.

What is a homogenous mixture?

A homogenous mixture is evenly mixed and looks the same throughout.

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A heterogeneous mixture is not evenly mixed and different components can be easily identified.

What does molarity mean?

Molarity is a measure of concentration expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Is saltwater a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture because the salt is completely dissolved in water, resulting in a uniform composition.

What happens to pH when you add a base to a solution?

When a base is added to a solution, the pH increases because the concentration of hydroxide ions increases.

What does it mean if a solution has a high molarity?

It means the solution contains a large amount of solute relative to the volume of solution, indicating increased concentration.

How do you get conductivity?

Conductivity is obtained by measuring the ability of a solution to conduct electricity, which depends on the concentration of ions present.