Chapter 2: Sources of Information
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21 Terms
catharsis
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.
What's wrong with experience?
experience has no comparison group and is confounded
pseudo categories
categories for this group don't follow any one rule
bloodletting
a medical practice in 1700s Europe where sick people were bled out to remove sickness (logic: people healed because of the bloodletting or died because they were so sick they would have died anyways)
confounds
alternative explanations that we cannot rule out (experience is confounded)
systemic comparison
controls for potential confounds because research gives a view from the outside and personal experience gives a view from the inside
probabilistic research (behavioural)
findings are not expected to explain all the cases all the time
What's wrong with intuition?
intuition is biased
ways in which intuition is biased
- swayed by a good story
- persuaded by what easily comes to mind
- failing to think about what we cannot see
- focusing on the evidence we like best
- being biased about being biased
what makes one an authority?
- expert
- public figure
- have significant personal experience
empirical journal articles
studies reported for the first time
review journal articles
summary of already published studies
Meta-analysis journal articles
re-analysis of multiple published studies combined
chapters in edited books
made up of chapters on a common topic or theme, each chapter written by a different author
full-length books
description of research conducted by one person/group
abstract
summary of the article
introduction
explains the topic of study, describes theoretical and empirical background for the research, and states the specific research goals for the current study
methods
how the researchers conducted the study
results
describes statistical tests used and the quantitative or qualitative results of the study
discussion
summarizes the study and discusses the study's significant contributions and even alternative explanations for results
references
full bibliographic listing of all the sources the authors cited in the article