Chapter 14 Study Guide

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from Chapter 14 regarding immunodeficiencies, autoimmunities, hypersensitivities, and graft types.

Immunodeficiencies

Under activation of immune responses.

Autoimmune disorders

Conditions where the body recognizes its own complexes as antigens.

Hypersensitivities

Over activation of immune responses leading to excessive tissue damage.

Primary immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiencies resulting from genetic or developmental defects, usually detected in infants.

Secondary immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiencies that develop due to other identifiable causes, generally identified later in life.

Molecular mimicry

A phenomenon where an infectious agent's epitope resembles a self antigen, potentially leading to autoimmune diseases.

Type I hypersensitivity

Immediate hypersensitive reactions characterized by the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies.

Type II hypersensitivity

Cytotoxic hypersensitivities involving IgG or IgM antibodies binding to antigens on cell surfaces, triggering cell lysis.

Type III hypersensitivity

Immune complex mediated hypersensitivities where antibodies bind to soluble targets to form antibody-antigen complexes.

Type IV hypersensitivity

Delayed or cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, typically manifesting 12-72 hours after antigen exposure.

Autograft

Transplant of tissues moved to a different location within the same individual.

Isograft

Transplant between two genetically identical individuals.

Allograft

Transplant between genetically different members of the same species.

Xenograft

Transplant between individuals of different species.