Psych Ass C1

Psychological tests may differ with respect to

A. content.

B. format.

C. administration.

D. All of these

D. All of these

As used in your text, test can refer to:

A. a paper-and-pencil examination.

B. a task.

C. an interview with a client.

D. All of these

D. All of these

A key difference between psychological testing and psychological assessment has to do with

A. the number of hours it takes to proctor a test session.

B. the role of the test user in interpreting the results.

C. whether or not the evaluation includes an oral test.

D. the utility of the test in a cost versus benefit analysis.

B. the role of the test user in interpreting the results.

Of the following parties to the assessment enterprise, which group would be LEAST likely to have read the Standards?

A. test developers

B. test users

C. testtakers

D. test publishers

C. testtakers

Which of the following positions would Galton support?

A. Genius runs in families.

B. Environment is the most important determinant of genius.

C. Genius ruins families.

D. Darwin's theory was overstated.

A. Genius runs in families.

Projective tests may be viewed as remedying a deficiency of which other type of psychological test?

A. intelligence tests

B. proficiency tests

C. self-report tests

D. neurological tests

C. self-report tests

An intelligence test originally written in English is to be administered to a group of Japanese immigrants who do not speak English. In order to obtain an accurate measure of intelligence and attempt to eliminate any possible effects due to language, the test administrator should

A. have a professional translator read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word.

B. have a friend or family member of the group who is fluent in English and Japanese read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word.

C. have a teacher fluent in Japanese and English conduct a brief tutorial in English prior to administering the test in English, with specific attention given to the meaning of the wording of key items and corresponding responses.

D. None of these

D. None of these

"What's a good test?" In part, a good test is one that

A. trained examiners can administer with a minimum of difficulty.

B. is useful in the sense that it yields actionable results.

C. will ultimately benefit individual testtakers or society as a whole.

D. All of these

D. All of these

In order to conduct research using human subjects, a university requires researchers to complete an online ethics course, and then correctly respond to all of the items of the test on that material. This test process could BEST be characterized as

A. norm-referenced testing.

B. criterion-referenced testing.

C. culturally informed assessment.

D. authentic assessment.

B. criterion-referenced testing.

Assessment professionals who use tests without understanding the limitations of the tests they use are

A. violating state and federal laws which mandate such understanding.

B. violating provisions of their profession's ethical codes.

C. well meaning but bumbling in their every day work.

D. psychiatrists rather than psychologists.

*B. violating provisions of their profession's ethical codes.

Which of the following is TRUE about error in psychological measurement?

A. As with other fields, error is synonymous with "mistake."

B. Error only refers to deliberate misrepresentation of results rather than carelessness.

C. Error is an expected component of measurement.

D. Error can be eliminated only by care and vigilance

C. Error is an expected component of measurement.

By definition, estimates of reliability can range from _______.

A. -3.00 to +3.00

B. 1 to10

C. 0 to 1

D. -1 to 1

C. 0 to 1

A raw score of 0 on a test suggests to the test user that the testtaker

A. did not possess any of the construct/ability being assessed by the test. B. did not understand the instructions.

C. was not physically capable of responding appropriately.

D. All of these

D. All of these

What type of reliability estimate is obtained by correlating pairs of scores from the same person on two different administrations of the same test?

A. parallel-forms

B. split-half

C. interrater

D. test-retest

D. test-retest

In the formula X = T + E, T refers to

A. the true score.

B. the time factor.

C. the average test score.

D. test-retest reliability.

A. the true score.

In a norm-referenced approach to testing, a testtaker's scores are compared with

A. the scores of other individuals who were administered the test.

B. a standard of excellence determined by experts in the area.

C. Both the scores of other individuals who were administered the test and a standard of excellence determined by experts in the area.

D. None of these

A. the scores of other individuals who were administered the test.

Unlike norm-referenced interpretation, criterion-referenced interpretation

A. requires that the test-taker's score be compared with a matched sample.

B. describes test performance in terms of a test-taker's relative standing in a group.

C. relies on percentile as opposed to grade or age norms.

D. describes a test-taker's performance in terms of predetermined standards.

D. describes a test-taker's performance in terms of predetermined standards.

In general, samples of behavior may be obtained by

A. direct observation.

B. self-report.

C. paper-and-pencil tests.

D. All of these

D. All of these

Manuel earns a 90 on a standardized math test. The standard error of measurement for this test is 5. Approximately 95% of the scores fall between ______________.

A. 85 and 95.

B. 80 and 100.

C. 80 and 100.

D. Cannot determine based on the information provided.

B. 80 and 100.

Most reliability coefficients, regardless of the specific type of reliability they are measuring, range in value from

A. -1 to +1.

B. 0 to 100.

C. 0 to 1.

D. negative infinity to positive infinity.

C. 0 to 1.

T score is to 50 as:

A. z score is to 10.

B. percentile is to 100.

C. stanine is to 5.

D. stanine is to 9.

C. stanine is to 5.

A student received a z score of 1 on a test of English as a Second Language and the distribution of test scores on that test was normal. This same student received a z score of 1 on another test of English as Second Language and the distribution of test scores on this second test were highly skewed. In all probability,

A. these two standard scores mean the same thing.

B. the T-scores on both test would be equal to 80.

C. the student speaks English better than many native-born Americans.

D. these two standard scores do not mean the same thing.

D. these two standard scores do not mean the same thing.

If the results of an examination are positively skewed, the exam questions were likely

A. easy.

B. difficult.

C. biased.

D. part of a make-up examination

B. difficult.

Correlation coefficients range from -1 to:

A. +1.

B. 0.

C. + infinity.

D. +10.

A. +1.

Charles Spearman is credited with

A. developing a type of correlation coefficient.

B. developing a way to predict the accuracy of a test.

C. developing factor analysis.

D. All of these

D. All of these

Among school-age children, as age increases, so do reading skills. This relationship between two variables illustrates

A. a positive correlation between two variables.

B. a negative correlation correlations between two variables.

C. a zero correlation.

D. None of these

A. a positive correlation between two variables.

Which would NOT be useful in estimating a test's inter-item consistency?

A. Cronbach's alpha

B. the Kuder-Richardson formulas

C. the average proportional distance

D. a coefficient of equivalence

D. a coefficient of equivalence

The standard error of measurement is

A. used to infer how far an observed score is from the true score.

B. also known as the standard error of a score.

C. is used in the context of classical test theory.

D. All of these

D. All of these

Which type of reliability estimate is obtained by correlating pairs of scores from the same person (or people) on two different administrations of the same test? A. a parallel-forms estimate

B. a split-half estimate

C. a test-retest estimate

D. an au-paire estimate

C. a test-retest estimate

Which of the following might lead to a decrease in test-retest reliability?

A. the passage of time between the two administrations of the test.

B. coaching designed to increase test scores between the two administrations of the test.

C. practice with similar test materials between the two administrations of the test.

D. All of these

D. All of these

Which of the following types of reliability estimates is the most expensive due to the costs involved in test development?

A. test-retest

B. parallel-form

C. internal-consistency

D. Spearman's rho

B. parallel-form

If a test is homogeneous

A. it is functionally uniform throughout.

B. it will likely yield a high internal-consistency reliability estimate compared with a test-retest reliability estimate.

C. it would be reasonable to expect a high degree of internal consistency.

D. All of these

D. All of these

The standard error of measurement of a particular test of anxiety is 8. A student earns a score of 60. What is the confidence interval for this test score at the 95% level?

A. 52-68

B. 40-68

C. 44-76

D. 36-84

C. 44-76

As the confidence interval increases, the range of scores into which a single test score falls is likely to

A. decrease.

B. increase.

C. remain the same.

D. alternately decrease and increase.

B. increase.

If the standard deviations of two tests are identical but the reliability is lower for Test A as compared to Test B, then the standard error of measurement will be ________ for Test A as compared with Test B.

A. higher

B. lower

C. the same

D. hard to tell

A. higher

The term psychometric soundness refers to the

A. the general psychiatric health of an assessee.

B. mental status of an individual during assessment.

C. technical quality of a test or other tool of assessment.

D. competence of a defendant to stand trial

C. technical quality of a test or other tool of assessment.

What tool of assessment is MOST useful in learning about the reaction of simulated juries to various presentations of evidence?

A. true/false tests

B. stress interview

C. portfolio evaluation

D. behavioral observation

D. behavioral observation

As used in your text, psychological assessment may include the use of

A. behavioral observation.

B. testing.

C. the case study.

D. All of these

D. All of these

A key difference between psychological testing and psychological assessment has to do with

A. the number of hours it takes to proctor a test session.

B. the role of the test user in interpreting the results.

C. whether or not the evaluation includes an oral test.

D. the utility of the test in a cost versus benefit analysis.

B. the role of the test user in interpreting the results.

As used with reference to psychological tests, the term format refers to

A. the arrangement of test items.

B. whether a test can be administered by computer.

C. the procedures used to obtain data.

D. All of these

D. All of these

Two tests purporting to measure personality may

A. contain entirely different kinds of items.

B. differ in terms of demands on the test-taker.

C. be based on entirely different definitions of "personality."

D. All of these

D. All of these

A case study may include

A. data from past psychological evaluations.

B. family photographs and memorabilia.

C. records of videotape rentals.

D. All of these

D. All of these

In everyday practice, responsibility for appropriate test administration, scoring, and interpretation lies with:

A. test users.

B. test developers.

C. elected representatives.

D. test publishers.

A. test users.

When a third-party observer is present while a psychological assessment is being conducted, it is good practice to:

A. acquaint the observer with all of the test administration materials.

B. include in the assessment report mention of the third party observer.

C. ask the assessee to respond as if the observer is not really there.

D. arrange a catered, vegetarian luncheon for the observer.

B. include in the assessment report mention of the third party observer.

A test is set into large type for a visually impaired testtaker. This is an example of

A. a physical environment modification.

B. an interpersonal environment modification.

C. a compromise.

D. an accommodation.

D. an accommodation.

When it comes to the difference between the terms psychological testing and psychological assessment,

A. ultimately, there is no difference between them.

B. the difference is clear and needs to be acknowledged.

C. some ambiguity with regard to the difference persists.

D. "psychological testing" subsumes "psychological assessment."

C. some ambiguity with regard to the difference persists.

What assumption can reasonably be made when a well-known, well-respected, and widely used test is translated from English into another language?

A. The test will likely become well known, well respected, and widely used in all of the countries throughout the world that speak the language into which the test was translated.

B. The test will be equivalent in content in all of the languages for which it has been translated.

C. The translated test will conform to the letter but not the "spirit" of the original.

D. None of these

D. None of these

A client tells his psychologist that he is planning to kill his girlfriend. The psychologist has reason to believe that the client will act on this plan. In this situation, the psychologist has a duty to

A. keep the information privileged and address the problem in therapy.

B. keep the information confidential and address the problem in therapy.

C. warn the endangered third party or call the police.

D. contact the client for an emergency session to explore the client's motivation and plan of action.

C. warn the endangered third party or call the police.

In general, testtakers have the right

A. to know why they are being tested.

B. to know the results of the test they took.

C. to know how the test data will be used.

D. All of these

D. All of these*

The "privilege" referred to in the term privileged communication belongs to

A. the test developer.

B. the test user.

C. the testtaker.

D. the test publisher.

*B. the test user.

As mentioned in your text, which of the following is a means of safeguarding test records?

A) installing and maintaining a special alarm system in the record storage room

B) storing records at an external storage facility away from the office

C) only allowing security officials to have computer passwords

D) storing test records in a locked filing cabinet

D) storing test records in a locked filing cabinet

A psychologist who does not act in the same or similar way that other reasonable psychologists would have acted under the same or similar circumstances may be found liable for

A) incompetency.

B) negligence.

C) abuse.

D) malpractice.

D) malpractice.

Many testtaker characteristics are affected by culture including

A. a testtaker's expressive communication skills.

B. a testtaker's nonverbal communication.

C. a testtaker's receptive communication skills.

D. All of these

D. All of these

The right of informed consent refers to test takers' right to know

A. why they are being evaluated.

B. how the test data will be used.

C. what, if any, information will be released to whom.

D. All of these

D. All of these

Which is the MOST common factor influencing a decision as to the size of class interval in a grouped frequency distribution?

A. the number of scores above the mean

B. the size of the mean

C. convenience

D. the size of the mean and the standard deviation

C. convenience

In a distribution that is positively skewed, what is the relationship between the measures of central tendency?

A. The mean, the median, and the mode are equal.

B. The mean is greater than the median, which is greater than the mode.

C. The mean is greater than the mode, which is greater than the median.

D. The standard deviation is larger than the variance, which is larger than the range.

B. The mean is greater than the median, which is greater than the mode.

Which of the following is an advantage of the stanine score over other standard scores?

A. It has greater reliability because it is a single digit.

B. It has greater validity because of its three decimal places.

C. It is easily manipulated because it is a single digit.

D. It has greater precision because of its three decimal places.

A. It has greater reliability because it is a single digit.

Graphed data details the relationship of time spent studying for a midterm examination and final grade on that test. An outlier indicates that one student spent many hours spent studying but failed the examination. This leaves the professor wondering:

A. how effective the student's study habits are.

B. what else is going on in the life of the student.

C. whether the student has a natural aptitude for the subject matter.

D. Both how effective the student's study habits are and what else is going on in the life of the student.

D. Both how effective the student's study habits are and what else is going on in the life of the student.

Outliers can be useful in identifying testtakers who

A. failed to understand the test instructions.

B. failed to follow the test instructions.

C. Both failed to understand the test instructions and failed to follow the test

instructions.

D. None of these

C. Both failed to understand the test instructions and failed to follow the test

instructions.

Among school-age children, as age increases, so do reading skills. This relationship between two variables illustrates

A. a positive correlation between two variables.

B. a negative correlation between two variables.

C. a zero correlation between two variables.

D. why "correlation" is synonymous with "causation".

A. a positive correlation between two variables.

A test designed to provide information about whether or not an aviator has mastered the ability to fly solo is an example of a test that is

A. norm-referenced.

B. trait-referenced.

C. criterion-referenced.

D. All of these

C. criterion-referenced.

The definition of a norm-referenced test as compared to a criterion-referenced test differs primarily with respect to

A. the error thought to be present in measurement.

B. whether or not the test is theory-based.

C. the score to which testtakers are compared.

D. the reliability of the test in question.

C. the score to which testtakers are compared.

This tool is used to estimate or infer how far an observed score deviates from a true score, and it called

A. a standard deviation.

B. a measure of central tendency.

C. the variance.

D. a standard error of measurement.

D. a standard error of measurement.

Which is the MOST appropriate application of a criterion-referenced test?

A. testing achievement in advanced mathematical logic for a graduate-level course

B. testing knowledge of basic traffic signs and signals for a driver's license

C. a testing program to award college athletic scholarships

D. a testing program to reward a company's top salespeople

B. testing knowledge of basic traffic signs and signals for a driver's license