PSY 205: Research Ethics and Experimental Design

Vocabulary terms covering research ethics, fraud examples, questionable research practices, and experimental design methodologies from the PSY 205 lecture.

HARKing

A questionable research practice defined as Hypothesizing After Results are Known.

$p$-hacking

Questionable research practices (QRPs) used to decrease the $p$-value and increase statistical significance.

File drawer problem

The selective reporting of entire studies, occurring when results are not published or shared.

Between-subjects design

An experimental design, also known as independent groups, where each participant is randomly assigned to only one level of the Independent Variable (IV).

Within-subjects design

An experimental design, also known as repeated measures, where each participant receives all levels of the Independent Variable (IV).

Practice effects

A type of order effect where participants get better at the Dependent Variable (DV) over time.

Fatigue effects

A type of order effect where participants get worse at the Dependent Variable (DV) due to tiredness or boredom.

Carryover effects

A type of order effect where the first level of the Independent Variable (IV) lingers and impacts the second half of the study.

Counterbalancing

A solution for order effects where the order of presentation becomes a between-subjects Independent Variable (IV).

Latin Squares

A complex version of counterbalancing used to manage order effects in studies with multiple conditions.

Selective reporting

A questionable research practice involving the biased reporting of specific measures, conditions, or analyses such as outliers or interactions.