Biology Keystone Review- Water, Enzyme, Polarity, and Bonds

What are enzymes very specfic on?

The substrate they bind to

What has to happen for the sustrate/reactants to turn into products?

They have to bind to the enzyme in the active site

What does an enzyme do?

Converts the substrate into products and decomposes them into something smaller

What two factors can denature an enzyme?

Wrong temperature and pH

What is a denatured enzyme?

An enzyme that has lost it’s active site, therefore would take a lower hill in an enzyme activity graph

What causes an enzyme to have a lower activation energy?

When the enzyme is present

What causes an enzyme to have a higher activation energy?

When the enzyme is absent

How to find the activation energy? (Joules)

Total energy-starting energy

What is activation energy?

The energy needed for this reaction to be converted into products

What must be true for an denatured enzyme to revert back to it’s original form?

It must be placed back into it’s original environment, and the new environment could not have too much of a drastic change

How many covalent bonds does carbon have?

4 Covalent Bonds

What is a polar molecule?

A molecule when electrons are not shared evenly between the atoms in the molecule and it is charged

Why are electrons not shared evenly between atoms in a polar molecule?

Because one of the atoms in the molecule is bigger and has more electronegativity, so the electron go around that atom more than the others, making that atom more negative, and others more positive

Where is the atomic number of an element located on the periodic table?

Above the elements symbol

Where is the atomic number of an element located on the periodic table?

Above the elements symbol

How to know how many protons are in an element?

Look at the atomic number

How to know how many electrons are in an element?

Look at the atomic number or the number of protons

How to know how many neutrons are in an element?

Round the atomic mass number to the nearest number, then subtract the atomic number from it

Where do the 4 covalent bonds go on the carbon?

It doesn’t matter as long as there are 4 covalent bonds in total

Define Cohesion

Water sticking to other H2O Molecules

Define Adhesion

Water sticking to things other than H2O molecules

Define Capillary Action

Water travels through narrow tubes against gravity using adhesion and cohesion

What is special about a water molecules?

Water is the only molecule that becomes less dense as it freezes

Why does water become less dense as it freezes?