Final Lab Practical - Biology of Animals Lab

Classes in Phylum Echinodermata (4)

Asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, and holothuroidea

Class Asteroidea characteristics

Thick arms, indistinct central disk, tuber feet with suckers, and aboral madreporite and anus

Class Ophiuroidea characteristics

Skinny arms, distinct central disk, tube feet without suckers, oral madreporite, and no anus

Class Echinoidea characteristics

Spherical/disk body, no arms, spiny, tube feet with suckers, test, and Aristotle’s lantern

Class Holothuroidea characteristics

Internal madreporite, cylindrical body, no arms, no spines, and tube feet with suckers

What class has tube feet but lacks suckers?

Class Ophiuroidea

What class lacks tube feet?

None

Organism(s) in Class Asteroidea

Sea stars

Organism(s) in Class Ophiuroidea

Brittle stars

Organism(s) in Class Echinoidea

Sea urchins and sand dollars

Organism(s) in Class Holothuroidea

Sea cucumbers

What are 4 defining characteristics of Phylum Chordata?

Notochord, dorsal + hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and post-anal tail

What type of circulatory system do all chordates have?

Closed

Subphyla in Phylum Chordata (3)

Tunicata, cephalocordata, and vertebrata

Subphylum Tunicata features

Hard tunic, filter feeders, sessile, and water is pumped into pharynx then trapped in gills slits

Test + the Phylum and Class it belongs to

Compact endoskeleton, enchinodermata, and echinoidea

What is the tunic made of?

Cellulose

What Phylum and Subphylum does the tunic belong to?

Chordata and tunicata

Subphylum Cephalocordata characteristics

Similar structure to larval tunicates, benthic, straight body, and filter feeders

Benthic

The ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water

Subphylum Vertebrata characteristics

Cranium, endoskeleton, and vertebrae

Another name for Subphylum Vertebrata

Clade Craniata

Cranium

Skull (surrounding the brain)

Organism(s) in Subphylum Tunicata

Sea squirts (tunicates)

Organism(s) in Subphylum Cephalocordata

Lancelets

Organism(s) in Subphylum Vertebrata

Lampreys, sharks, ray-finned fish, frogs, snakes, and mammals

Classes in Subphylum Vertebrata (6)

Agnatha, chondrichthyes, actinopterygii, amphibia, reptilia, and mammalia

Class Agnatha characteristics

Jawless (fish) and funnel-shaped mouth lined with keratinized “teeth” and a protrusible tongue

Protrusible tongue and the Phylum, Subphylum, and Class it belongs to

Elongated tongue, chordata, vertebrata, and agnatha

Class Chondrichthyes characteristics

Cartilaginous skeleton

Class Actinopterygii characteristics

Ray-finned (fish), endochondral bone skeleton, dermally originated scales, and webbing between bony fins

Class Amphibia characteristics

Double-life, larval forms, no skin covering, mucous and glands, and lungs and limbs present

Class Reptilia characteristics

Epidermal skin coverings, no larval stage, and complex nervous system

Class Mammalia characteristics

Endothermic, sometimes insulated with hair, mammary glands, sweat glands, biconcave erythrocytes, and largest relative brain size and complexity

Frog anatomical structures to know

Eyes, tympanum, liver, stomach/intestines, and limbs

Starfish anatomical structures to know

Madreporite, digestive gland, mouth, anus, arms, ossicles, tube feet, ambucral grooves, Aristotle’s lantern, and central disk

Phylum Arthropoda characteristics

Chitinous exoskeleton, undergo ecdysis, simple and/or compound eyes, and jointed appendages

Subphyla in Phylum Arthropoda (4)

Chelicerata, crustacea, myriapoda, and hexapoda

Subphylum Chelicerata characteristics

Chelicerae, pedipalps, book gills, and telson

Subphylum Crustacea characteristics

Dorsal carapace, several pairs of legs, larval stage for dispersal, and gills

Subphylum Myriapoda characteristics

Many feet and unique tagmosis of multi-segmented trunk with multiple legs

Subphylum Hexapoda characteristics

Six legs, largest arthropod group, and three tagmata (head, thorax, and abdomen)

Another name for tube feet

Podia

Artistotle’s lantern and the Phylum and Class it primarily belongs to

Five part mouth, echinodermata, and echinoidea

What class(es) have an open ambucral groove?

Class Asteroidea

What class(es) have a closed ambucral groove?

Class Opiuroidea and Class Echinoidea

What class has tube feet modified into tentacles near the mouth?

Class Holothuroidea

What classes have a clearly visible madreporite on the aboral side?

Class Asteroidea and Class Echinoidea

Class Agnatha distinguishing traits

Jawless mouth with no paired fins

Class Chondrichthyes distinguishing traits

Cartilage skeletons and visible gill slits

Class Actinopterygii distinguishing traits

Bony skeleton and covered gills

Class Amphibia distinguishing traits

Double-lives and thin, moist skin

Class Reptilia distinguishing traits

Dry, scaly skin, exothermic, and most have claws

Class Mammalia distinguishing traits

Mammary glands, and hair or fur