IB Business - Abraca Case Study Key Words

aggregates (as construction materials)

granular materials—primarily sand, gravel, and crushed stone—that form the essential, high-volume foundation of concrete, asphalt, and road bases

business-to-business (B2B)

a commerce model where businesses sell products or services to other businesses rather than consumers

carbon-intensive

processes, industries, or fuels that emit high amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) relative to their economic output or energy production

circuit boards

essential components in modern electronics, providing structural support and electrical connectivity to components like resistors and chips using conductive copper traces on insulating substrates

clay

a natural, fine-grained earthy material that is sticky and easily molded when wet, but hard and brittle when dried or fired

concrete

a heavy, rough building material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water, that can be spread or poured into molds and that forms a mass resembling stone on hardening

e-waste

any discarded electrical or electronic equipment (EEE), including components, sub-assemblies, and consumables, that are broken, obsolete, or unwanted

landfill

a highly engineered, regulated, and managed facility for the disposal of solid waste by burying it under layers of earth

limestone

a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement

plastic-shredding machinery

an industrial device designed for primary size reduction, using low-speed, high-torque rotors with knives to tear, cut, and break large plastic waste (purges, bottles, pipes) into smaller pieces, typically 8-25mm, for easier processing or recycling

recycling

the process of collecting, sorting, and processing materials—such as paper, plastic, glass, and metal—that would otherwise be discarded as trash and turning them into new, usable products

solar panels

a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating electricity or heating

toxic metals

individual metals or metal compounds—often referred to as heavy metals—that negatively affect human health and the environment, even at low exposure levels

publicly held company

a corporation whose ownership is distributed among general public investors through shares traded on a stock exchange or over-the-counter markets

producer

a person, company, or country that makes, grows, or supplies goods or commodities for sale

recycled products

goods manufactured using materials diverted from the waste stream—either from manufacturing scraps (pre-consumer) or consumer waste (post-consumer)—rather than virgin raw materials

efficiencies

the ratio of output (products/revenue) to input (time, labor, materials), representing the ability to deliver quality goods or services while minimizing waste and costs

methods to reduce its impact on the environment

switching to renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency, minimizing waste through recycling and composting, and opting for sustainable materials

market-oriented

a business approach that prioritizes customer needs and wants in product development, marketing, and strategy, rather than focusing solely on production or sales

growth options

• ansoff matrix