Final: MH Before 1600

Alleluia Justus

• Anon 

• 1100

• Latin

• Europe

• Free Organum

• Sacred

• Mostly perfect consonances

• Contrary motion

• Parallel 4ths and 5ths

• Sometimes voice crossing

• Phrases end in unison

Jubilemus, exultemus

• Anon

• 1100

• Latin

• Southwest France

• Genre: Versus

• Sacred

• Oral tradition, later written down

• Connected to troubadour culture

• Transition to more elaborate polyphony

• Two voices

• Internal rhyming

• Mostly contrary motion

• Phrase endings on unison/octave

• Free rhythm

Viderunt Omnes: Organum purum

• Leoninus

• Late 1100s

• Latin

• Paris

• Gradual

• Sacred

• Notre Dame

• Mass for Christmas Day

• About 3 times longer than the original

• Two voices

• Mode 1 and 5

• Perfect consonances at phrase beginnings

• Free rhythm in organum sections; measured rhythm in discant

Clausulae No. 26

• Anon

• Clausulae

• Late 12th/early 13th

• France

• Latin

• Sacred

• Notre Dame

• Christmas Day

• 2 voices

• Tenor: rhythmic mode 5

• Duplum: rhythmic modes 1 and 5

Clausulae No. 29

• Anon

• Clausulae

• Late 12th/early 13th

• France

• Latin

• Sacred

• Notre Dame

• Christmas Day

• 2 voices

• Both voices are mostly in rhythmic mode 2 (short-long)

Viderunt Omnes: Organum quadruplum

• Perotinus

• Organum quadruplum

• late 1100s

• France

• Latin 

• Sacred

• Notre Dame

• Christmas Day Mass

• 4 voices

• Voice crossing

• Varied rhythmic modes

• Phrases end on perfect consonances

Motets on Tenor “Dominus”: Factum

• Anon.

• Motets

• 13th century

• France

• Latin

• Notre Dame

• Independent voices

Ave Virgo Virginum

• Anon.

• Conductus

• Late 12th/early 13th century

• France

• Latin

• Sacred

• Notre Dame

• Praise of the Virgin Mary

• AAB form

• All voices sing the same text

• Strophic

• Rhythmic mode 1

• 3 voices

• Voice crossing

• Perfect consonances on strong beats, dissonance between

Rose, liz

• Machaut

• Mid 1300s

• France

• French

• Rondeau

• Secular

• Courtly love song

• Ars Nova

• 4 voices

• Tonal center around C

• Long melismas at the beginnings of poetic lines

• Alternation between sustained chords and more active rhythmic passages

La Messe de Nostre Dame

• Machaut

• 14th

• Latin

• Kyrie

• Sacred

• Ars Nova

• 4 voices

• Rhythmic repetition

• Syncopation

• Hocket

• Alternates between sustained and rapid motion

Non al suo amante

• Jacopo da Bologna

• 1350

• Verona

• Italian

• Madrigal

• Secular

• Courtly love poem

• 2 voices are relatively equal

• Both voices sing the same text

• Occasional hocket

• Mostly syllabic with some decorative melismas

• Flowing rhythm

• Cadences on unison and octave

Non avrà ma pietà

• Landini

• Late 1300s

• Italy

• Italian

• Ballata

• Secular

• Written for elite audiences

• Shift from dance song to stylized courtly listening music

• One of the most well-known ballate

• Landini cadence: top voice steps down, then skips up a 3rd

• Ballata form: AbbaA

• Smooth, lyrical melody

• 3 voices

• Mostly syllabic, some melismas

• Stepwise motion

• DLT cadences

• Syncopation

En remirant vo douce pourtraiture

• Caserta

• 1300s

• France

• French

• Ballade

• Secular

• Associated with elite court culture

• Ars Subtilior

• Courtly love text

• Considered rhythmically complex

  • Syncopation

  • Hemiola

  • Meter changes

  • Independent rhythm between voices

• Ballade form

• Long, flowing phrases

• 3 voices

• Melismas throughout

audio

Alleluia Justus ut palma, Anon.

audio

Jubilemus, exultemus

audio

Viderunt omnes: Organum Purum

audio

Viderunt omnes: Organum Purum

audio

Clausulae no. 26

audio

Clausulae no. 29

audio

Viderunt Omnes: Organum Quadruplum

audio

Viderunt Omnes: Organum Quadruplum

audio

Viderunt Omnes: Organum Quadruplum

audio

Viderunt Omnes: Motet, Factum est salutare

audio

Viderunt Omnes: Motet, Fole acostumance

audio

Viderunt Omnes: Motet, Super te

audio

Ave Virgo Virginum

audio

Ave Virgo Virginum

audio

Rose, liz

audio

Rose, liz

audio

La Messe de Nostre Dame

audio

La Messe de Nostre Dame, Machaut

audio

Non al suo amante

audio

Non al suo amante

audio

Non avra ma pieta

audio

En remirant vo douce pourtraiture

Treatus

written work for explaining rules

Organum

more than one voice

vox principalis

original voice

vox organalis

new voice

parallel organum

2 voices moving in the same direction at the same interval (4ths or 5ths); 1:1 ratio, musica enchiriadis

Musica enchiriadis

9th century treatus that explains how to add a second voice

oblique organum

one voice stays on same pitch, other moves, 1:1 ratio, unison cadences, new voice below

free organum

voices move independently; ad organum faciendum, consonance, 1:1 ratio, alleluia justus

Florid (Aquitanian) organum

bottom voice holds while top voice moves

organum purum

type of florid organum; chant held on bottom, moving line on top

Tenor

holding voice

Modal organum

organum that uses rhythmic modes

organum triplum

3 voices

organum quadruplum

4 voices

early motet

upper voice gets new text

Franconian motet

voices have independent rhythms

Fractio modi

breaks a rhythmic mode into smaller note values

Rhythmic mode 1

LS LS LS

Rhythmic mode 2

SL SL SL

Rhythmic mode 3

L-SL

Rhythmic mode 4

SL-L

Rhythmic mode 5

L L L

Rhythmic mode 6

S S S

Who wrote Ars Nova?

Philipe de Vitry

Ars Nova

style with more advanced rhythm and notation

Cantilena

Melody in top voice, simpler lower voices

DLT cadence

2 upper voices each move by half step to the final note

Hocket

2 voices rapidly alternate

Formes fixes

Rondeau, virelai, ballade

Rondeau

ABaAabAB

Virelai

Abba

Ballade

aab

Isorhythm

repeated rhythmic pattern (talea) combined with a repeating melody (color)

Talea

repeating rhythmic pattern

Color

repeating melodic pattern

Ars Subtiliior

Independent rhythmic lines, syncopation, changing meter

Trecento

Italian 14th century music: secular, smooth melody, madrigal, ballata

9th century

Parallel organum, musica enchiriadis, oblique organum

11th century

free organum

12th century

Notre Dame, florid organum, organum purum, Leoninus, Perotinus, organum quadruplum, rhythmic modes

13th Century

Early motet, discantus, dominus, clausula, Franconian motet

What is an early motet

polyphonic piece from a clausula where the upper voice gets new text

Discantus

where voices move in measured rhythm together

Clausula

short, self-contained section of organum that can be replaced or expanded

14th Century

Ars Nova, Machaut, isorhythm, ars subtilitor

Ballata

AbbaA

Audio

Antiphon: Tecum Principium, Anon.

Audio

Psalm: Dixit Dominus, Anon.

Audio

Hymn: Christe Redemptor, Anon.

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Kyrie, Anon.

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Gloria, Anon.

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Gloria, Anon.

Audio

Credo, Anon.

Audio

Credo, Anon.

Audio

Sanctus, Anon.

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Sanctus, Anon

Audio

Agnus Dei, Anon.

Audio

Ite Missa Est, Anon.

Audio

Gradual: Viderunt Omnes, Anon.

Audio

Gradual: Viderunt Omnes, Anon.

Audio

Epitaph of Seikilos, Anon.

Audio

Epitaph of Seikilos, Anon.

Audio

Victimae paschali laudes, Wipo of Burgundy

Audio

Ordo Virtutum, Hildegard

Audio

Can vei la lauzeta mover, Bernart de Ventadorn