archaeology test 2

egalitarian society

A society in which the only differences in status
are based on skill, age, and gender. Many options for prestige.

Stratified Society

A society in which access to key resources is linked
to prestige of individuals, those of high prestige may consume
or redistribute them.

State Society

A society in which power is consolidated in systems of
government, which are used to maintain social hierarchy (often
backed by force).

Durrington Walls

A large neolithic village that housed the builders of stonehenge during the solstices, also a site for large feasts.

Characteristics of Urban Centers

• High population
  • Surplus production and storage
  • Taxes to an authority
  • Monumental architecture
  • Ruling class
  • Writing system
  • Exact and predictive sciences
  • Sophisticated art styles
  • Foreign trade
  • Specialist craftspeople

Uruk (City)

Oldest known city in the world.

Uruk Period

(4000 BC - 3200 BC) First urban cities in Mesopotamia development,

Ziggurat

A stepped platform found In many Mesopotamian temple precincts.

Bullae

Clay balls filled with tokens.

Ensi

“King or prince of city-state” in charge of maintaining temples and military leadership.

Code of Hammurabi

Early Mesopotamian legal code from the city - state of Babylon.

Indus River Valley

An area along the course of the Indus river that covers much of modern-day Pakistan and part of India.

Harappan period (2600 BC - 1900 BC)

Some large towns grew to become major urban centers. They are uniform in their material culture (shared identity).

Harappa (CIty)

One of two biggest cities of the Harappan period, Harappa was at the crossroads of major trade routes.

Characteristics of Indus cities

• Constructed along a grid of streets

• Uniformly sized mud bricks for buildings

• Drains and water management

Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan

The other largest city of the Harappan period. Contains the only monumental structure in the indus valley.