Urinary System Med Term

Arterioles

Small arterial branches that lead to capillaries

Calyx

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis, minor and major.

Cortex

This means bark, and in the renal cortex is the layer underneath the renal capsule, and contains part of the nephron

Creatinine

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine,

Electrolytes

Minerals that becomes ions when dissolved in water

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A protein that stimulates red blood cell production in your bone marrow, and is produced by the kidneys.

glomerular (Bowman) capsule

This surrounds each glomerulous, and collects waste products like sugar, water, salts, and urea.

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

A mass of tiny coiled capillaries, whose high blood pressure forces the filtration of waste products from blood. this empties into the efferent arteriole.

Hilum

A depression in the kidney that serves as a passageway for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Kidney

Two bean shaped organs that regulate blood pressure and electrolytes, and clean the blood of waste.

Meatus

A term that means opening, for the urinary system means the opening at the end of the urethra.

medulla

The inner layer of the kidney, and is divided into renal pyramids.

Micturition

Also known as urination. or voiding, when urine is expelled from the body.

Nephron

The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

nitrogenous waste

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine, like urea

Renal artery

Branches off the aorta, and supplies the kidneys with dirty blood to be cleaned.

Renal pelvis

Collects and funnels urine to the ureters.

Renal tubule

A long twisted tube that is attached to each Bowman's capsule, and is where filtrate enters.

Renal vein

This joins the vena cava, and takes clean blood back to the heart to be oxygenated.

Trigone

The name of the triangle that the urethral openings and the internal opening of the urethra form.

Urea

Waste product of proteins broken down by liver, is sent out during micturition.

Ureter

10-12 inches long, and carries urine from kidney to bladder.

Urethra

Carries urine from the bladder to the outside.

Uric acid

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

Urinary bladder

A hollow muscular sac, that is a temporary reservoir for urine.

Urination

Also known as micturition, is the expulsion of urine from the body.

Urine

idk what you want me to say its the fluid wastes removed from the body by the kidneys AKA pee.

voiding

the same thing as urination.

cali/o

calyx

calic/o

calyx

cyst/o

bladder; sac filled with fluid

glomerul/o

golmerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

trigon/o

trigone (region of the bladder)

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o

urinary bladder

-ectasis

dilation, expansion

-poietin

substance that forms

-stenosis

narrowing, stricture

-tripsy

crushing

-uria

urination; condition of urine

albumin/o

albumin (a protein)

anti-

against, opposite

azot/o

nitrogenous compound

bacteri/o

bacteria

dia-

complete; through

dys-

painful; difficult

kal/o

Potassium

ket/o

ketones

keton/o

ketones

lith/o

stone; calculus

natr/o

Sodium

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty (very small)

poly-

many; multiple

py/o

pus

ur/o

urine; urinary tract

urin/o

urine

bladder cancer

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A condition caused by inadequate secretion of, or resistance of the kidney to the action of , anti diuretic hormone (ADH). A lack of ADH prevents water from being reabsorbed into the blood through the renal tubules, leading to urine that is highly diluted and blood sugar that is less diluted. This condition is characterized by polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyuria. (excessive urination)

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A condition characterized by inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin. Common symptoms are glycosuria, or secretion of carbs in the urine, hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyria. High glucose levels in the blood damage the walls of the renal artery and renal vein.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney.

interstitial nephritis

A chronic inflammation of the interstitial cells surrounding the nephrons.

nephrolithiasis

Abnormal condition of stones in the kidney

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

A group of symptoms that indicate your kidneys are not working properly, like too much protein in urine, or low levels of albumin in your blood.

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Disease characterized by the development of cysts in the kidney, leading to the enlargement and impaired function for the kidney.

pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and the functional tissue of the kidneys.

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

Cancerous tumor of the kidney that occurs in adulthood.

Renal failure

Condiditon in which kidney disease or damage results in impaired filtration of waste products from the blood.

renal hypertension

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.

Wilms tumor

Malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in childhood.

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A test that measures blood levels of urea and creatinine. Urea is a waste product that the liver produces when it breaks down proteins in the body. Creatinine is a waste product produced during muscle metabolism.

CT urography

Process that takes radio graphic images of a specific section of the body from multiple angles using a contrast medium. A computer analyzes the images to identify urinary injury or disease. CT scans provide more detailed imagery than standard X-rays.

Cytoscopy

visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope. A thin, hollow, flexible metal tube is passed through the urinary meatus and the urethra into the bladder. Physicians can pass cameras, mirrors, and instruments through the tube, enabling them to examine and possibly treat tumors, calculi, or inflamed tissue.

Dialysis.

Artificial method by which waste materials are removed from the blood after kidney failure.

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

X-ray of the kidneys ureters, and bladder.

lithotripsy

Procedure in which high-energy shock waves are used to break up stones in the kidney, bladder, or ureter into smaller pieces, allowing the stones to pass naturally from the body.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) urography

a changing magnetic field produces images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

radioisotope scan

an imaging technique that uses a small dose of a radioactive chemical (isotope) called a tracer that can detect cancer, trauma, infection or other disorders. In this case it looks for cancer of the urinary system.

renal angiography

X-ray examination that uses a camera and contrast medium to take moving images of blood flow through the blood vessels in the kidneys.

renal angioplasty

Dilation and/or repair of one ore more major blood vessels in the kidney through stent placement.

renal biopsy

The removal of a small piece of living kidney tissue for microscopic examination.

renal transplantation

AKA an organ transplant, one person gets a kidney taken out of them, it goes into another person. Happens when a person has a diseased kidney and another has a good one, so good guy donates.

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

X-ray visualization of the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder using a contrast agent.

ultrasonography

A diagnostic imaging method that uses high frequency waves to generate images of the kidneys and other structures of the urinary system. Used to help determine the size of the kidneys and detect tumors, nephrolithiases, and polycystic kidney disease,.

urinary catheterization

Insertion of a flexible hollow tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine. A straight catcher is chosen for single-use applications. A Foley catcher, which is flexible and kept in place by a balloon inflated with air or liquid, is intended for longer-term use.

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

X-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra using a contrast medium. The X-rays are taken while the patient is expelling urine.

Path of Urine Production 1st Step

Blood goes into the Bowman's capsule, to go inside the glomerulus.

Path of Urine Production 2nd Step

Blood goes into the glomerulus where it is filtered and empties into the efficient arteriole.

Path of Urine Production 3rd Step

Now the urine goes into the proximal convoluted tube, where the reabsorption of good contents like glucose, amino acids, water, and sodium occurs.

Path of Urine Production 4th Step

Now urine goes to the descending loop on Henle, where water is reabsorbed.

Path of Urine Production 5th Step

Now it goes to the loop on Henle, where more water is reabsorbed.

Path of Urine Production 6th Step

Now urine goes to the ascending loop on Henle, where sodium/salt is reabsorbed.

Path of Urine Production 7th Step

Now it goes into the DCT or distal convoluted tube, where water and sodium is reabsorbed, and acids, potassium, and drugs are secreted.

Path of Urine Production 8th Step

Now it goes to the collecting duct where it goes to the calyxes. Done

Urinalysis

Examination of the urine for the presence of abnormal elements that may indicate a pathological condition. A UA analyzes the following components of urine: (Next questions)